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Hydrocarbons and derivatives

Hydrocarbon compounds are also known as hydrocarbons. They are compounds only containing two elements, hydrogen and carbon. When their molecular hydrogen atoms are replaced by various kinds of other element atoms or atom groups, we can obtain various kinds of hydrocarbon derivatives. German chemist Schorlemmer had discovered butane and other hydrocarbons, and is thus known as the founder of the hydrocarbon chemistry. There are many types of hydrocarbons with number of hydrocarbons with known structure being over 2,000 kinds. Based on the connecting way of carbon bonds, they are divided into chain hydrocarbon and cyclic hydrocarbon, two types with the former one having its carbon atoms connected in a chain shape. According to the saturation degree of hydrogen atom on valence bonds, they are divided into saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons are namely alkanes, such as methane, ethane and so on; unsaturated hydrocarbons include olefin and alkynes with representation being ethylene and acetylene. Cyclic hydrocarbon has its intramolecular carbon bonds connected into a closed ring. It includes two kinds, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. There are many similarities between alicyclic hydrocarbons and chain hydrocarbon. General cyclic hydrocarbons are similar to hydrocarbons while cyclic olefin and cyclic alkyne are respectively similar as alkenes and alkynes. Aromatic hydrocarbons mainly refer to hydrocarbons containing benzene ring structure.

Chain hydrocarbon is also known as aliphatic hydrocarbon due to that during the initial study; it was found that oil lipid contained many of these open chain compounds. The naming of alicyclic hydrocarbons is due to its similar nature as aliphatic hydrocarbons. The nature of aromatic hydrocarbon is different from other hydrocarbons while first discovered several compounds are all scented, leading to the name which is still in use today.

Oil, gas and coal are the main source of hydrocarbons. Petroleum refining can give a variety of alkane mixture such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc; oil cracking, reforming give various kinds of olefins, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Coal tar contains various kinds of aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, naphthalene, etc.). Many kinds of higher hydrocarbons are presented in plants such as the pigments contained in tomatoes and carrots. The wax of many kinds of plants and animals also contains higher content of alkanes. For example, beeswax contains C27H56 and C31H64; wax of spinach leaves contains C33H68, C35H72, and C37H76; wax of cabbage leaves contains C29H60 and so on. The main component of natural rubber, polyisoprene also belongs to hydrocarbon. An important application of hydrocarbons is being used as fuel and chemical raw materials. Through secondary processing of petroleum, it can give ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene and naphthalene, and other basic organic industrial raw materials. From these materials, we can further prepare styrene, ethanol, acetone and other chemicals. Re-use of these raw materials can be used for manufacturing of a variety of plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers and fine chemical products. Hydrocarbons may also be used as food for certain bacteria to utilize with those proteins (oil protein) excreted by these bacteria proteins being applied as feed. The national scale and level of processing and application of hydrocarbons may reflect the extent of economic and technological development of a country.

Hydrocarbon derivative refers to the general term of many kinds of complicated compound derived from hydrocarbon molecules with one or more hydrogen atoms being substituted by other atoms or atoms groups. Compounds derived from halogen substitution are called halogenated hydrocarbon; derived from hydroxy substitution are called alcohols or phenols; derived from carboxy substitution are called carboxylic acids. Ester, acyl halide, acid anhydride, amides, aldehydes, ketones, amines and nitriles, etc. can be considered to be the compounds derived from hydrocarbons with intramolecular hydrogen atoms being substituted by corresponding atoms. During early 19th century, German chemist Schorlemmer, based on years of experimental and theoretical studies, had first defined organic chemistry as chemistry concerning hydrocarbons and their derivatives. This definition is formulated based on the principles of atom combination theory, being more reasonable and advanced than all the previous definitions, thus further being adopted by many chemists. However, the problem is that it doesn’t distinguish the difference between organic and inorganic substances. The definition of Schorlemmer had greatly promoted the development of the theory regarding to the organic chemistry structure. He was the first man who defined organic compound as above scientific classifications, establishing a scientific system. He was the first man who divided organics into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and further classified aliphatic compounds into hydrocarbons (saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons), halocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters and so on.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
2,5-DICHLOROFLUOROBENZENE 2,5-DICHLOROFLUOROBENZENE 348-59-4 C6H3Cl2F
5-ISOPROPYL-4-METHOXY-2-METHYL-BENZENESULFONYL CHLORIDE 5-ISOPROPYL-4-METHOXY-2-METHYL-BENZENESULFONYL CHLORIDE 889939-83-7 C11H15ClO3S
2-Chlorothiazole 2-Chlorothiazole 3034-52-4 C3H2ClNS
2-IODOOCTANE 2-IODOOCTANE 557-36-8 C8H17I
1-Ethoxy-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzene 1-Ethoxy-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzene 80944-44-1 C17H26O
2-BROMO-5-METHYL-1,4-BENZOQUINONE 2-BROMO-5-METHYL-1,4-BENZOQUINONE 13070-25-2 C7H5BrO2
1,2,3-TRIBROMOBUTANE 1,2,3-TRIBROMOBUTANE 632-05-3 C4H7Br3
1-BROMO-3,4-DICHLOROBUTANE 1-BROMO-3,4-DICHLOROBUTANE 26204-05-7 C4H7BrCl2
4,7-Difluoro-1H-indole 4,7-Difluoro-1H-indole 247564-55-2 C8H5F2N
(2RS,3RS)-3-(2-ETHOXYPHENOXY)-1,2-DIHYDROXY-3-PHENYLPROPANE (2RS,3RS)-3-(2-ETHOXYPHENOXY)-1,2-DIHYDROXY-3-PHENYLPROPANE 98769-69-8 C17H20O4
1,3-BIS(DI-I-PROPYLPHOSPHINO)PROPANE 1,3-BIS(DI-I-PROPYLPHOSPHINO)PROPANE 91159-11-4 C15H34P2
4,4'-(1,3-ADAMANTANEDIYL)DIPHENOL 4,4'-(1,3-ADAMANTANEDIYL)DIPHENOL 37677-93-3 C22H24O2
P-NITRO CHLORO BENZENE P-NITRO CHLORO BENZENE C6H4ClNO2
N-(naphthalen-1-yl)picolinamide N-(naphthalen-1-yl)picolinamide 75358-95-1 C16H12N2O
Benzoic acid, 4,4',4'',4'''-(1,2,4,5-benzenetetrayltetra-2,1-ethynediyl)tetrakis- Benzoic acid, 4,4',4'',4'''-(1,2,4,5-benzenetetrayltetra-2,1-ethynediyl)tetrakis- 1569900-69-1 C42H22O8
2,3-Naphthalenedicarbonitrile, 6-(butylthio)- 2,3-Naphthalenedicarbonitrile, 6-(butylthio)- 129204-90-6 C16H14N2S
Benzenepentanol, α-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- Benzenepentanol, α-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- 87657-77-0 C20H26O3
1-Methylnaphthalen-2-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate 1-Methylnaphthalen-2-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate 1094898-08-4 C12H9F3O3S
2-BROMO-4-METHYLPENTANE 2-BROMO-4-METHYLPENTANE 30310-22-6 C6H13Br
Benzenesulfonyl fluoride, 4-chloro- (9CI) Benzenesulfonyl fluoride, 4-chloro- (9CI) 349-89-3 C6H4ClFO2S
(2-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)methanesulfonyl chloride (2-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)methanesulfonyl chloride 1178315-16-6 C7H5BrClFO2S
(Isocyanatomethyl)cyclopropane (Isocyanatomethyl)cyclopropane 25694-89-7 C5H7NO
1,3-DIPHENYLPROPANE 1,3-DIPHENYLPROPANE 1081-75-0 C15H16
1,3-Bis(4,5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl)benzene 1,3-Bis(4,5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl)benzene 34052-90-9 C12H12N2O2
1,3,5-Tris[4-(bromomethyl)phenyl]benzene 1,3,5-Tris[4-(bromomethyl)phenyl]benzene 42837-44-5 C27H21Br3
3,3'-Bi-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 3,3'-Bi-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 37777-16-5 C12H18O2
1,3-Dibromo-5-iodo-2-methylbenzene 1,3-Dibromo-5-iodo-2-methylbenzene 704909-84-2 C7H5Br2I
2,4,6-Trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde 119198-88-8 C12H12O3
1,2,3,4,5,6-HEXABROMOCYCLOHEXANE 1,2,3,4,5,6-HEXABROMOCYCLOHEXANE 1837-91-8 C6H6Br6
2-Methyl-1-phenylpropane-1-thiol 2-Methyl-1-phenylpropane-1-thiol 113682-52-3 C10H14S
Tetraphenylphosphonium 2,3- dihydroxynaphthalene addtives Tetraphenylphosphonium 2,3- dihydroxynaphthalene addtives 502157-73-5 C44H35O4P
4-(BROMOMETHYL)-2-FLUOROBENZONITRILE 4-(BROMOMETHYL)-2-FLUOROBENZONITRILE 222978-03-2 C8H5BrFN
Cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde, 2-methyl- Cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde, 2-methyl- 39547-01-8 C5H8O
Cyclohexanebutanoyl chloride Cyclohexanebutanoyl chloride 4441-67-2 C10H17ClO
5-Bromo-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropentane 5-Bromo-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropentane 1383437-60-2 C5H6BrF5
(1-BENZHYDRYLAZETIDIN-3-YL) METHANAMINE (1-BENZHYDRYLAZETIDIN-3-YL) METHANAMINE 36476-88-7 C17H20N2
2-(CHLOROMETHYL)ANTHRAQUINONE 2-(CHLOROMETHYL)ANTHRAQUINONE 6374-87-4 C15H9ClO2
1-BROMO-4-BROMOMETHYL-2-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-BENZENE 1-BROMO-4-BROMOMETHYL-2-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-BENZENE 1159512-68-1 C8H5Br2F3
2,3,4-TRIBROMOPENTANE 2,3,4-TRIBROMOPENTANE 130156-61-5 C5H9Br3
1-CHLORO-4-FLUORO-2-IODOBENZENE 1-CHLORO-4-FLUORO-2-IODOBENZENE 202982-68-1 C6H3ClFI
2,2-DI(2-TETRAHYDROFURYL)PROPANE 2,2-DI(2-TETRAHYDROFURYL)PROPANE 89686-69-1 C11H20O2
DICYCLOPROPYLMETHANE DICYCLOPROPYLMETHANE 5685-47-2 C7H12
1,2,4,5-TETRAISOPROPYLBENZENE 1,2,4,5-TETRAISOPROPYLBENZENE 635-11-0 C18H30
BROMOCYCLOPENTANE-D9 BROMOCYCLOPENTANE-D9 35468-44-1 C5BrD9
1,4-DIBROMO-2-IODOBENZENE 1,4-DIBROMO-2-IODOBENZENE 89284-52-6 C6H3Br2I
1-Bromo-2-methylbutane 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane 10422-35-2 C5H11Br
2,4'-DINITRODIPHENYLMETHANE 2,4'-DINITRODIPHENYLMETHANE 1817-75-0 C13H10N2O4
3-CHLORO-2,2,3-TRIMETHYLBUTANE 3-CHLORO-2,2,3-TRIMETHYLBUTANE 918-07-0 C7H15Cl
1-Hexadecanaminium, N-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride 1-Hexadecanaminium, N-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride 16535-55-0 C22H46ClNO2
1-BROMO-2-CHLORO-3,4,5-TRIFLUOROBENZENE 1-BROMO-2-CHLORO-3,4,5-TRIFLUOROBENZENE 122375-83-1 C6HBrClF3
3-CHLOROOCTANE 3-CHLOROOCTANE 1117-79-9 C8H17Cl
2,4,6-Trimethyliodobenzene 2,4,6-Trimethyliodobenzene 4028-63-1 C9H11I
1,3-DICHLORO-2,5-DIFLUOROBENZENE 1,3-DICHLORO-2,5-DIFLUOROBENZENE 2367-80-8 C6H2Cl2F2
1-(BENZYLOXY)-3-CHLOROPROPANE 1-(BENZYLOXY)-3-CHLOROPROPANE 26420-79-1 C10H13ClO
Sodium Naphthalene Formaldehyde Sodium Naphthalene Formaldehyde
(S)-(-)-4-Chloromethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (S)-(-)-4-Chloromethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane 60456-22-6 C6H11ClO2
4-N-BUTOXYBENZYL BROMIDE 4-N-BUTOXYBENZYL BROMIDE 2417-74-5 C11H15BrO
1-BROMO-2,5-DICHLORO-3-FLUOROBENZENE 1-BROMO-2,5-DICHLORO-3-FLUOROBENZENE 202865-57-4 C6H2BrCl2F
3,5-Bis(bromomethyl)toluene 3,5-Bis(bromomethyl)toluene 19294-04-3 C9H10Br2
2,4-Dibromo-1,3-benzenediol 2,4-Dibromo-1,3-benzenediol 18011-67-1 C6H4Br2O2
4-Bromo-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile 4-Bromo-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile 22433-89-2 C8H3BrN2
(R)-Epibromohydrine (R)-Epibromohydrine 51594-57-1 C3H5BrO
1,3,5,7-TETRAPHENYLADAMANTANE 1,3,5,7-TETRAPHENYLADAMANTANE 16004-75-4 C34H32
1-((DIMETHYLAMINO)(PHENYL)METHYL)NAPHTHALEN-2-OL 1-((DIMETHYLAMINO)(PHENYL)METHYL)NAPHTHALEN-2-OL 39487-54-2 C19H19NO
4-BROMO-2-ETHOXY-1-METHOXYBENZENE 4-BROMO-2-ETHOXY-1-METHOXYBENZENE 52849-52-2 C9H11BrO2
4-Fluoro-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide 4-Fluoro-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide 116332-54-8 C9H10FNO2
3-FLUORO-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZYL BROMIDE 3-FLUORO-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZYL BROMIDE 239087-09-3 C8H5BrF4
1-Acetyl-3-hydroxyazetidine 1-Acetyl-3-hydroxyazetidine 118972-96-6 C5H9NO2
2-(Methylsulfonyl)benzyl bromide 2-(Methylsulfonyl)benzyl bromide 82657-74-7 C8H9BrO2S
6-Fluoro-1-hydroxynaphthalene 6-Fluoro-1-hydroxynaphthalene 804498-72-4 C10H7FO
1-(4-BroMophenyl)-1,2,2-triphenylethylene 1-(4-BroMophenyl)-1,2,2-triphenylethylene 34699-28-0 C26H19Br
3,3'',5,5''-Tetrabromo-5'-(3,5-dibromophenyl)-1,1':3',1''-terphenyl 3,3'',5,5''-Tetrabromo-5'-(3,5-dibromophenyl)-1,1':3',1''-terphenyl 29102-67-8 C24H12Br6
N,N'-di-(1-Naphthalenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1':4',1'':4'',1'''-quaterphenyl]-4,4'''-diamine N,N'-di-(1-Naphthalenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1':4',1'':4'',1'''-quaterphenyl]-4,4'''-diamine 948552-24-7 C56H40N2
p-Bpye , 1,4-di(pyren-1-yl)benzene p-Bpye , 1,4-di(pyren-1-yl)benzene 475460-77-6 C38H22
4-(4-Bromophenyl)dibenzo[b,d]furan 4-(4-Bromophenyl)dibenzo[b,d]furan 955959-84-9 C18H11BrO
4-Bromo-1H-indole-7-carboxylic acid 4-Bromo-1H-indole-7-carboxylic acid 1211594-25-0 C9H6BrNO2
Benzoic acid, 2,4-bis(trifluoroMethyl)-, Methyl ester Benzoic acid, 2,4-bis(trifluoroMethyl)-, Methyl ester 50870-31-0 C10H6F6O2
(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropanecarboxylic acid 105919-34-4 C4H5FO2
R-3-iodo-2,2'-bis(MethoxyMethoxy)1,1'-Binaphthalene R-3-iodo-2,2'-bis(MethoxyMethoxy)1,1'-Binaphthalene 389125-79-5 C24H21IO4
1,3-DibroMo-5-phenoxybenzene 1,3-DibroMo-5-phenoxybenzene 46438-88-4 C12H8Br2O
2-Cyclopropylethyl bromide 2-Cyclopropylethyl bromide 36982-56-6 C5H9Br
1,2-BenzenediaMine, 4-[6-(4-Methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1H-benziMidazol-2-yl]- 1,2-BenzenediaMine, 4-[6-(4-Methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1H-benziMidazol-2-yl]- 23491-49-8 C18H22N6
4-broMo-3,5-difluorobenzonitrile 4-broMo-3,5-difluorobenzonitrile 123688-59-5 C7H2BrF2N
(1-Bromo-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzene (1-Bromo-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzene 434-42-4 C8H6BrF3
4-Bromo-2-chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)benzene 4-Bromo-2-chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)benzene 1062614-42-9 C7H4BrClF2O
1-Bromo-3-cyclohexylbenzene 1-Bromo-3-cyclohexylbenzene 19920-84-4 C12H15Br
5-Bromo-2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl cyanide 5-Bromo-2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl cyanide 1426290-08-5 C8H4BrClFN
3-Bromo-3'-chloro-1,1'-biphenyl 3-Bromo-3'-chloro-1,1'-biphenyl 844856-42-4 C12H8BrCl
1-(aMinoMethyl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile hcl 1-(aMinoMethyl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile hcl 1205544-78-0 C5H9ClN2
2-chloro-6-fluorosodiuM benzoate 2-chloro-6-fluorosodiuM benzoate 1382106-10-6 C7H3ClFNaO2
3-Aminopentane 3-Aminopentane 616-24-0 C5H13N
4-BROMOBENZYLMETHYLSULFONE 4-BROMOBENZYLMETHYLSULFONE 213627-30-6 C8H9BrO2S
METHANONE, 1,1'-(1,4-PHENYLENE)BIS[1-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-] METHANONE, 1,1'-(1,4-PHENYLENE)BIS[1-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-] C20H12F2O2
Kazinol A Kazinol A 99624-28-9 C25H30O4
Methylenedihydrotanshinquinone Methylenedihydrotanshinquinone 126979-81-5 C18H16O3
1,3-BIS(4-FLUOROBENZOYL)BENZENE 1,3-BIS(4-FLUOROBENZOYL)BENZENE 108464-88-6 C20H12F2O2
ALPHA,ALPHA,ALPHA,ALPHA',ALPHA',ALPHA'-HEXACHLORO-M-XYLENE ALPHA,ALPHA,ALPHA,ALPHA',ALPHA',ALPHA'-HEXACHLORO-M-XYLENE 881-99-2 C8H4Cl6
Perfluorooctane (industrial solvent, cleaning agent) Perfluorooctane (industrial solvent, cleaning agent) C8F18
4-Methyldodecane 4-Methyldodecane 6117-97-1 C13H28
4-BROMO-3-CHLOROIODOBENZENE 4-BROMO-3-CHLOROIODOBENZENE 535934-25-9 C6H3BrClI
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