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Hydrocarbons and derivatives

Hydrocarbon compounds are also known as hydrocarbons. They are compounds only containing two elements, hydrogen and carbon. When their molecular hydrogen atoms are replaced by various kinds of other element atoms or atom groups, we can obtain various kinds of hydrocarbon derivatives. German chemist Schorlemmer had discovered butane and other hydrocarbons, and is thus known as the founder of the hydrocarbon chemistry. There are many types of hydrocarbons with number of hydrocarbons with known structure being over 2,000 kinds. Based on the connecting way of carbon bonds, they are divided into chain hydrocarbon and cyclic hydrocarbon, two types with the former one having its carbon atoms connected in a chain shape. According to the saturation degree of hydrogen atom on valence bonds, they are divided into saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons are namely alkanes, such as methane, ethane and so on; unsaturated hydrocarbons include olefin and alkynes with representation being ethylene and acetylene. Cyclic hydrocarbon has its intramolecular carbon bonds connected into a closed ring. It includes two kinds, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. There are many similarities between alicyclic hydrocarbons and chain hydrocarbon. General cyclic hydrocarbons are similar to hydrocarbons while cyclic olefin and cyclic alkyne are respectively similar as alkenes and alkynes. Aromatic hydrocarbons mainly refer to hydrocarbons containing benzene ring structure.

Chain hydrocarbon is also known as aliphatic hydrocarbon due to that during the initial study; it was found that oil lipid contained many of these open chain compounds. The naming of alicyclic hydrocarbons is due to its similar nature as aliphatic hydrocarbons. The nature of aromatic hydrocarbon is different from other hydrocarbons while first discovered several compounds are all scented, leading to the name which is still in use today.

Oil, gas and coal are the main source of hydrocarbons. Petroleum refining can give a variety of alkane mixture such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc; oil cracking, reforming give various kinds of olefins, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Coal tar contains various kinds of aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, naphthalene, etc.). Many kinds of higher hydrocarbons are presented in plants such as the pigments contained in tomatoes and carrots. The wax of many kinds of plants and animals also contains higher content of alkanes. For example, beeswax contains C27H56 and C31H64; wax of spinach leaves contains C33H68, C35H72, and C37H76; wax of cabbage leaves contains C29H60 and so on. The main component of natural rubber, polyisoprene also belongs to hydrocarbon. An important application of hydrocarbons is being used as fuel and chemical raw materials. Through secondary processing of petroleum, it can give ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene and naphthalene, and other basic organic industrial raw materials. From these materials, we can further prepare styrene, ethanol, acetone and other chemicals. Re-use of these raw materials can be used for manufacturing of a variety of plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers and fine chemical products. Hydrocarbons may also be used as food for certain bacteria to utilize with those proteins (oil protein) excreted by these bacteria proteins being applied as feed. The national scale and level of processing and application of hydrocarbons may reflect the extent of economic and technological development of a country.

Hydrocarbon derivative refers to the general term of many kinds of complicated compound derived from hydrocarbon molecules with one or more hydrogen atoms being substituted by other atoms or atoms groups. Compounds derived from halogen substitution are called halogenated hydrocarbon; derived from hydroxy substitution are called alcohols or phenols; derived from carboxy substitution are called carboxylic acids. Ester, acyl halide, acid anhydride, amides, aldehydes, ketones, amines and nitriles, etc. can be considered to be the compounds derived from hydrocarbons with intramolecular hydrogen atoms being substituted by corresponding atoms. During early 19th century, German chemist Schorlemmer, based on years of experimental and theoretical studies, had first defined organic chemistry as chemistry concerning hydrocarbons and their derivatives. This definition is formulated based on the principles of atom combination theory, being more reasonable and advanced than all the previous definitions, thus further being adopted by many chemists. However, the problem is that it doesn’t distinguish the difference between organic and inorganic substances. The definition of Schorlemmer had greatly promoted the development of the theory regarding to the organic chemistry structure. He was the first man who defined organic compound as above scientific classifications, establishing a scientific system. He was the first man who divided organics into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and further classified aliphatic compounds into hydrocarbons (saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons), halocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters and so on.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
1-chloro-4-(3-chloro-1-ethoxypropyl)benzene 1-chloro-4-(3-chloro-1-ethoxypropyl)benzene 6940-83-6 C11H14Cl2O
1,5-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoropentane 1,5-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoropentane 4798-39-4 C11H14F6O4
1-hydroxy-4-sulphonatonaphthalene-2-diazonium 1-hydroxy-4-sulphonatonaphthalene-2-diazonium 887-77-4 C10H6N2O4S
methyl 2-methoxy-3,4-dimethyl-6-propionylbenzoate methyl 2-methoxy-3,4-dimethyl-6-propionylbenzoate
4-Chloro-2-nitrobenzyl bromide 4-Chloro-2-nitrobenzyl bromide 52311-59-8 C7H5BrClNO2
IR-775 CHLORIDE IR-775 CHLORIDE 199444-11-6 C32H36Cl2N2
2-(Benzyloxy)broMobenzene 2-(Benzyloxy)broMobenzene 31575-75-4 C13H11BrO
1-BROMO-2,4-DIMETHYL-5-NITROBENZENE 1-BROMO-2,4-DIMETHYL-5-NITROBENZENE 69383-59-1 C8H8BrNO2
5-CHLORO-2,3-DIBROMO-1-FLUOROBENZENE 5-CHLORO-2,3-DIBROMO-1-FLUOROBENZENE 208186-78-1 C6H2Br2ClF
4-BROMO-2-FLUOROPHENYLZINC IODIDE 4-BROMO-2-FLUOROPHENYLZINC IODIDE 352530-44-0 C6H3BrFIZn
1-chloro-2-dichlorophosphorylbenzene 1-chloro-2-dichlorophosphorylbenzene 51279-61-9
1-Fluoronaphthalene-d7 1-Fluoronaphthalene-d7
1-Naphthalenepropanoic acid, α-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-, (αS)- 1-Naphthalenepropanoic acid, α-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-, (αS)- 1335610-27-9 C13H17NO2
13C-methane 13C-CH4 Methane isotope 13C-methane 13C-CH4 Methane isotope
3,5-bis(1-methoxy-3,5-benzene dicarboxylicacid)benzoic acid 3,5-bis(1-methoxy-3,5-benzene dicarboxylicacid)benzoic acid 1544500-13-1 C25H18O12
3-iodobenzene as impurity of carbamazin 3-iodobenzene as impurity of carbamazin
1,3-Benzenedicarbonitrile, 2,4,6-trichloro- 1,3-Benzenedicarbonitrile, 2,4,6-trichloro- 19861-59-7 C8HCl3N2
1-BROMO-3,5-DINITRO-BENZENE 1-BROMO-3,5-DINITRO-BENZENE 18242-39-2 C6H3BrN2O4
2-Methyl-3,4,5,6-tetramethoxybromobenzene 2-Methyl-3,4,5,6-tetramethoxybromobenzene 73875-27-1 C11H15BrO4
D30 D30
Dihydrate benzenetriol Dihydrate benzenetriol
4-bromonaphthalen-2-ol 4-bromonaphthalen-2-ol 5498-31-7 C10H7BrO
5-Bromo-4-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-indazole 5-Bromo-4-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-indazole 1784678-61-0 C8H6BrFN2
1-Propanone,2-(benzoyloxy)-1-phenyl- 1-Propanone,2-(benzoyloxy)-1-phenyl- 1030-23-5 C16H14O3
3-BROMO-BENZAMIDINE 3-BROMO-BENZAMIDINE 26157-85-7 C7H7BrN2
9-naphthalen-2-yl-10-(10-naphthalen-2-ylanthracen-9-yl)anthracene 9-naphthalen-2-yl-10-(10-naphthalen-2-ylanthracen-9-yl)anthracene 331749-31-6 C48H30
1'-methanesulfonyl-1',2',3',6'-tetrahydro-[2,4']bipyridinyl-5-ol 1'-methanesulfonyl-1',2',3',6'-tetrahydro-[2,4']bipyridinyl-5-ol 1262399-86-9 C11H14N2O3S
3-BROMO-5-IODOTOLUENE 3-BROMO-5-IODOTOLUENE 116632-38-3 C7H6BrI
BENZENE-D1 BENZENE-D1 1120-89-4 C6H5D
1-AMINO-3,3-DIETHOXYPROPANE 1-AMINO-3,3-DIETHOXYPROPANE 41365-75-7 C7H17NO2
1,4-DIBROMOCYCLOHEXANE 1,4-DIBROMOCYCLOHEXANE 35076-92-7 C6H10Br2
PHOSPHOROISOCYANATIDIC DICHLORIDE PHOSPHOROISOCYANATIDIC DICHLORIDE 870-30-4 CCl2NO2P
3-NITROTETRAZOLIUM BLUE CHLORIDE 3-NITROTETRAZOLIUM BLUE CHLORIDE 127615-60-5 C40H30Cl2N10O6
Iodosobenzene Iodosobenzene 536-80-1 C6H5IO
2-BROMOMETHYL-1-FLUORO-4-NITROBENZENE 2-BROMOMETHYL-1-FLUORO-4-NITROBENZENE 454-15-9 C7H5BrFNO2
3-Chloro-2-fluorobenzylamine 3-Chloro-2-fluorobenzylamine 72235-55-3 C7H7ClFN
1-Bromo-5-chloro-2,4-difluorobenzene 1-Bromo-5-chloro-2,4-difluorobenzene 914636-89-8 C6H2BrClF2
5-TERT-BUTYL-2-PROPOXY-BENZENESULFONYL CHLORIDE 5-TERT-BUTYL-2-PROPOXY-BENZENESULFONYL CHLORIDE 681260-21-9 C13H19ClO3S
Tetra(4-acetylphenyl)methane Tetra(4-acetylphenyl)methane 313484-93-4 C33H28O4
OC1154, 2-(4,8-Dimethoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane OC1154, 2-(4,8-Dimethoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane
(2S,3R,4E)-2-AZIDO-3-BENZOYL-ERYTHRO-SPHINGOSINE (2S,3R,4E)-2-AZIDO-3-BENZOYL-ERYTHRO-SPHINGOSINE 103348-50-1 C25H39N3O3
(2S,3S,5R)-2-hexyl-3-hydroxy-5-(phenylmethoxy)-Hexadecanoic acid compd. with (S)-α-methylbenzenemethanamine (1:1) (2S,3S,5R)-2-hexyl-3-hydroxy-5-(phenylmethoxy)-Hexadecanoic acid compd. with (S)-α-methylbenzenemethanamine (1:1) 137433-01-3 C37H61NO4
1,4-DIBROMO-2,5-DIETHYLBENZENE 1,4-DIBROMO-2,5-DIETHYLBENZENE 40787-48-2 C10H12Br2
2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethan-1-ol 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethan-1-ol 1645-50-7 C12H9F3O
1-BROMOOCTANE-1,1-D2 1-BROMOOCTANE-1,1-D2 86423-34-9 C8H15BrD2
BROMOBENZENE-2,4,6-D3 BROMOBENZENE-2,4,6-D3 13122-41-3 C6H2BrD3
TRITON TRITON 65506-72-1
1-(2-bromo-1-(trifluoromethoxy)ethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene 1-(2-bromo-1-(trifluoromethoxy)ethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene 2074668-76-9 C10H7BrF6O
Benzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrabromo-3,6-difluoro- Benzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrabromo-3,6-difluoro- 5172-13-4 C6Br4F2
4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-(1-methylnaphthalen-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-(1-methylnaphthalen-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane 2479315-52-9 C17H21BO2
4-Chloro-3-fluorobenzyl Bromide 4-Chloro-3-fluorobenzyl Bromide 206362-80-3 C7H5BrClF
4-Fluoro-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene 4-Fluoro-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene 399-54-2 C8H9FO
2,5-DICHLOROTEREPHTHALONITRILE 2,5-DICHLOROTEREPHTHALONITRILE 1897-43-4 C8H2Cl2N2
3-BENZYLOXYBROMOBENZENE 3-BENZYLOXYBROMOBENZENE 53087-13-1 C13H11BrO
sodium 4-[[4-[(2,4-diaminophenyl)azo]naphthyl]azo]naphthalene-1-sulphonate sodium 4-[[4-[(2,4-diaminophenyl)azo]naphthyl]azo]naphthalene-1-sulphonate 10115-25-0 C26H21N6NaO3S
1,4-Diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 1,4-dibutyl-, hydroxide (1:2) 1,4-Diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 1,4-dibutyl-, hydroxide (1:2) 1637540-44-3 C14H31N2O+
2,5-DICHLOROBENZENESULFONIC ACID 2,5-DICHLOROBENZENESULFONIC ACID 88-42-6 C6H4Cl2O3S
4-Bromo-1-naphthaleneboronic acid 4-Bromo-1-naphthaleneboronic acid 145965-14-6 C10H8BBrO2
2-(4-METHYLPHENYL)-6-PHENYL-4H-THIOPYRAN-4-YLIDENE-PROPANEDINITRIL-1,1-DIOXIDE 2-(4-METHYLPHENYL)-6-PHENYL-4H-THIOPYRAN-4-YLIDENE-PROPANEDINITRIL-1,1-DIOXIDE 135215-38-2 C21H14N2O2S
M-BIS(M-PHENOXYPHENOXY)BENZENE M-BIS(M-PHENOXYPHENOXY)BENZENE 2455-71-2 C30H22O4
Vinylbenzyl chloride Vinylbenzyl chloride 30030-25-2 C9H9Cl
1-tert-Butyl-4-chlorobenzene 1-tert-Butyl-4-chlorobenzene 3972-56-3 C10H13Cl
PENTAFLUORO-(2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHOXY)BENZENE PENTAFLUORO-(2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHOXY)BENZENE 6669-03-0 C8H2F8O
2-(Dicyclohexylphosphino)-3,6-dimethoxy-2'-4'-6'-tri-i-propyl-1,1'-biphenyl, min. 98% BrettPhos 2-(Dicyclohexylphosphino)-3,6-dimethoxy-2'-4'-6'-tri-i-propyl-1,1'-biphenyl, min. 98% BrettPhos 1070663-78-3 C35H53O2P
4-N-HEXYLOXYBROMOBENZENE 4-N-HEXYLOXYBROMOBENZENE 30752-19-3 C12H17BrO
2-Chloro-4-fluorobenzyl bromide 2-Chloro-4-fluorobenzyl bromide 45767-66-6 C7H5BrClF
4-(5-Amino-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonic acid 4-(5-Amino-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonic acid 69075-48-5 C10H11N3O3S
1-Chloro-5-fluoropentane 1-Chloro-5-fluoropentane 407-98-7 C5H10ClF
1-(TERT-BUTOXYCARBONYL)AZETIDINE 1-(TERT-BUTOXYCARBONYL)AZETIDINE 147621-21-4 C8H15NO2
1-BROMO-3-CHLORO-2-IODOBENZENE 1-BROMO-3-CHLORO-2-IODOBENZENE 450412-28-9 C6H3BrClI
3-OXETANAMINE, 3-METHYL- 3-OXETANAMINE, 3-METHYL- 874473-14-0 C4H9NO
METHANONE, 1,1'-(1,4-PHENYLENE)BIS[1-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-] METHANONE, 1,1'-(1,4-PHENYLENE)BIS[1-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-] 68418-51-9 C20H12F2O2
3-Bromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine 3-Bromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine 116855-03-9 C7H6BrN3
1,2-Dibromocyclopentane 1,2-Dibromocyclopentane 29974-65-0 C5H8Br2
trans-4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-acetylcyclohexane trans-4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-acetylcyclohexane 91161-85-2 C14H17ClO
1,4-Bis(2-chloroethoxy)-2,5-dibromobenzene 1,4-Bis(2-chloroethoxy)-2,5-dibromobenzene 178557-12-5 C10H10Br2Cl2O2
4-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)benzoic acid methyl ester 4-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)benzoic acid methyl ester 179057-11-5 C12H12N2O2
3-Bromo-5-methylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid 3-Bromo-5-methylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid 1211515-68-2 C7H6BrNO2
Benzene, 2-[[2-[(6-broMohexyl)oxy]ethoxy]Methyl]-1,3-dichloro Benzene, 2-[[2-[(6-broMohexyl)oxy]ethoxy]Methyl]-1,3-dichloro 503070-57-3 C15H21BrCl2O2
5-broMo-3-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol 5-broMo-3-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol 876861-29-9 C6H4BrFO2
2-BROMO-6-CHLOROBENZYL BROMIDE 2-BROMO-6-CHLOROBENZYL BROMIDE 75002-98-1 C7H5Br2Cl
(E)-5-fluoro-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one oxiMe (E)-5-fluoro-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one oxiMe 911825-56-4 C10H10FNO
2-BROMO-6-IODOTOLUENE 2-BROMO-6-IODOTOLUENE 97456-81-0 C7H6BrI
tert-Butyl3,5-difluorobenzoate tert-Butyl3,5-difluorobenzoate 467442-11-1 C11H12F2O2
1-chloro-8-broMooctane 1-chloro-8-broMooctane 28598-82-5 C8H16BrCl
(cis)2-iodocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (cis)2-iodocyclopropanecarboxylic acid 122676-92-0 C4H5IO2
1-BroMo-4,5-dichloro-2-fluorobenzene, 96% 1-BroMo-4,5-dichloro-2-fluorobenzene, 96% 1000572-78-0 C6H2BrCl2F
5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 1293389-28-2 C6H2F2N2S
4-(DIFLUOROMETHYLSULFONYL)CHLOROBENZENE 4-(DIFLUOROMETHYLSULFONYL)CHLOROBENZENE 2488-53-1 C7H5ClF2O2S
4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane 1379610-55-5 C17H21BO2
Zinc difluoroMethanesulfinate Zinc difluoroMethanesulfinate 1355729-38-2 CH2F2O2SZn
4-(4,4,5,5-TetraMethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 4-(4,4,5,5-TetraMethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 1088118-97-1 C12H15BN2O2S
Ethanesulfonamide,N-[5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-naphthalenyl]- Ethanesulfonamide,N-[5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-naphthalenyl]- 258526-42-0 C15H19N3O2S
1-broMo-4-(3-chloropropyl)benzene 1-broMo-4-(3-chloropropyl)benzene 74003-34-2 C9H10BrCl
1-BROMO-4-BROMOMETHYL-2-CHLORO-BENZENE 1-BROMO-4-BROMOMETHYL-2-CHLORO-BENZENE 68120-44-5 C7H5Br2Cl
3-BroMo-2,6-dichloro-1-Methylbenzene 3-BroMo-2,6-dichloro-1-Methylbenzene 127049-87-0 C7H5BrCl2
SodiuM 3-chloro-4-fluorobenzoate SodiuM 3-chloro-4-fluorobenzoate 1421761-18-3 C7H5ClFNaO2
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid 4-methyl-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-isobenzofuran-5-yl ester trifluoromethanesulfonic acid 4-methyl-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-isobenzofuran-5-yl ester 1255206-73-5 C10H7F3O5S
1,3-Diiodotetrafluorobenzene 1,3-Diiodotetrafluorobenzene 67815-57-0 C6F4I2
5-bromo-N1,N3-dimethylisophthalamide 5-bromo-N1,N3-dimethylisophthalamide 1393439-88-7 C10H11BrN2O2
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