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Hydrocarbons and derivatives

Hydrocarbon compounds are also known as hydrocarbons. They are compounds only containing two elements, hydrogen and carbon. When their molecular hydrogen atoms are replaced by various kinds of other element atoms or atom groups, we can obtain various kinds of hydrocarbon derivatives. German chemist Schorlemmer had discovered butane and other hydrocarbons, and is thus known as the founder of the hydrocarbon chemistry. There are many types of hydrocarbons with number of hydrocarbons with known structure being over 2,000 kinds. Based on the connecting way of carbon bonds, they are divided into chain hydrocarbon and cyclic hydrocarbon, two types with the former one having its carbon atoms connected in a chain shape. According to the saturation degree of hydrogen atom on valence bonds, they are divided into saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons are namely alkanes, such as methane, ethane and so on; unsaturated hydrocarbons include olefin and alkynes with representation being ethylene and acetylene. Cyclic hydrocarbon has its intramolecular carbon bonds connected into a closed ring. It includes two kinds, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. There are many similarities between alicyclic hydrocarbons and chain hydrocarbon. General cyclic hydrocarbons are similar to hydrocarbons while cyclic olefin and cyclic alkyne are respectively similar as alkenes and alkynes. Aromatic hydrocarbons mainly refer to hydrocarbons containing benzene ring structure.

Chain hydrocarbon is also known as aliphatic hydrocarbon due to that during the initial study; it was found that oil lipid contained many of these open chain compounds. The naming of alicyclic hydrocarbons is due to its similar nature as aliphatic hydrocarbons. The nature of aromatic hydrocarbon is different from other hydrocarbons while first discovered several compounds are all scented, leading to the name which is still in use today.

Oil, gas and coal are the main source of hydrocarbons. Petroleum refining can give a variety of alkane mixture such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc; oil cracking, reforming give various kinds of olefins, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Coal tar contains various kinds of aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, naphthalene, etc.). Many kinds of higher hydrocarbons are presented in plants such as the pigments contained in tomatoes and carrots. The wax of many kinds of plants and animals also contains higher content of alkanes. For example, beeswax contains C27H56 and C31H64; wax of spinach leaves contains C33H68, C35H72, and C37H76; wax of cabbage leaves contains C29H60 and so on. The main component of natural rubber, polyisoprene also belongs to hydrocarbon. An important application of hydrocarbons is being used as fuel and chemical raw materials. Through secondary processing of petroleum, it can give ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene and naphthalene, and other basic organic industrial raw materials. From these materials, we can further prepare styrene, ethanol, acetone and other chemicals. Re-use of these raw materials can be used for manufacturing of a variety of plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers and fine chemical products. Hydrocarbons may also be used as food for certain bacteria to utilize with those proteins (oil protein) excreted by these bacteria proteins being applied as feed. The national scale and level of processing and application of hydrocarbons may reflect the extent of economic and technological development of a country.

Hydrocarbon derivative refers to the general term of many kinds of complicated compound derived from hydrocarbon molecules with one or more hydrogen atoms being substituted by other atoms or atoms groups. Compounds derived from halogen substitution are called halogenated hydrocarbon; derived from hydroxy substitution are called alcohols or phenols; derived from carboxy substitution are called carboxylic acids. Ester, acyl halide, acid anhydride, amides, aldehydes, ketones, amines and nitriles, etc. can be considered to be the compounds derived from hydrocarbons with intramolecular hydrogen atoms being substituted by corresponding atoms. During early 19th century, German chemist Schorlemmer, based on years of experimental and theoretical studies, had first defined organic chemistry as chemistry concerning hydrocarbons and their derivatives. This definition is formulated based on the principles of atom combination theory, being more reasonable and advanced than all the previous definitions, thus further being adopted by many chemists. However, the problem is that it doesn’t distinguish the difference between organic and inorganic substances. The definition of Schorlemmer had greatly promoted the development of the theory regarding to the organic chemistry structure. He was the first man who defined organic compound as above scientific classifications, establishing a scientific system. He was the first man who divided organics into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and further classified aliphatic compounds into hydrocarbons (saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons), halocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters and so on.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
IN1606, 4,7-Bis(5-bromo-4-dodecylthiophen-2-yl)-5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole IN1606, 4,7-Bis(5-bromo-4-dodecylthiophen-2-yl)-5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 1373834-88-8 C38H52Br2F2N2S3
3-methylbenzenesulfonyl fluoride 3-methylbenzenesulfonyl fluoride 454-66-0 C7H7FO2S
Oxirane, 2-(fluoromethyl)-, (2S)- Oxirane, 2-(fluoromethyl)-, (2S)- 130796-94-0 C3H5FO
1,4-Dimethyl-2-iodobenzene 1,4-Dimethyl-2-iodobenzene 1122-42-5 C8H9I
1-(p-Toluenesulfonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)aziridine 1-(p-Toluenesulfonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)aziridine 2101812-74-0 C11H12F3NO2S
5-Chloro-m-xylene 5-Chloro-m-xylene 556-97-8 C8H9Cl
2-FLUORO-6-NITROBENZYL BROMIDE 2-FLUORO-6-NITROBENZYL BROMIDE 1958-93-6 C7H5BrFNO2
CYCLOPROPYLBENZENE CYCLOPROPYLBENZENE 873-49-4 C9H10
2,3-DIBROMO-2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE 2,3-DIBROMO-2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE 594-81-0 C6H12Br2
2-Chloro-1,4-dibromo-1,1,2-trifluorobutane 2-Chloro-1,4-dibromo-1,1,2-trifluorobutane 378-13-2 C4H4Br2ClF3
2,6-DICHLORO-1,4-BENZOQUINONE 2,6-DICHLORO-1,4-BENZOQUINONE 697-91-6 C6H2Cl2O2
3 5-DICHLOROTOLUENE 3 5-DICHLOROTOLUENE 25186-47-4 C7H6Cl2
3-CHLORO-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZOIC ACID 3-CHLORO-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZOIC ACID 53985-49-2 C8H4ClF3O2
4-Methyl-2-phenylpyridine 4-Methyl-2-phenylpyridine 3475-21-6 C12H11N
6-BROMO-1,1,4,4,7-PENTAMETHYL-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRONAPHTHALENE 6-BROMO-1,1,4,4,7-PENTAMETHYL-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRONAPHTHALENE 119999-22-3 C15H21Br
DIBROMOIODOMETHANE DIBROMOIODOMETHANE 593-94-2 CHBr2I
4,4''-Dibromo-p-terphenyl 4,4''-Dibromo-p-terphenyl 17788-94-2 C18H12Br2
1-BROMO-2-CYCLOHEXYLBENZENE 1-BROMO-2-CYCLOHEXYLBENZENE 59734-92-8 C12H15Br
1-bromopropylbenzene 1-bromopropylbenzene 2114-36-5 C9H11Br
meCgPPh,  1,3,5,7-Tetramethyl-8-phenyl-2,4,6-trioxa-8-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane meCgPPh, 1,3,5,7-Tetramethyl-8-phenyl-2,4,6-trioxa-8-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane 97739-46-3 C16H21O3P
HEPTAFLUORO-2-NAPHTHOL HEPTAFLUORO-2-NAPHTHOL 727-49-1 C10HF7O
4,5-Diethoxy-1,2-benzoquinone 4,5-Diethoxy-1,2-benzoquinone 21086-66-8 C10H12O4
1,5-DIBROMO-3-METHYLPENTANE 1,5-DIBROMO-3-METHYLPENTANE 4457-72-1 C6H12Br2
1-Chloro-4-fluorobutane 1-Chloro-4-fluorobutane 462-73-7 C4H8ClF
[R,(-)]-2-Bromooctane [R,(-)]-2-Bromooctane 5978-55-2 C8H17Br
2-Bromo-5-ethylthiophene 2-Bromo-5-ethylthiophene 62323-44-8 C6H7BrS
Androsta-3,5,16-trien-17-ol Trifluoromethanesulfonate Androsta-3,5,16-trien-17-ol Trifluoromethanesulfonate 154229-36-4 C20H25F3O3S
4-Ethynyl-4'-propyl-1,1'-Biphenyl 4-Ethynyl-4'-propyl-1,1'-Biphenyl 918826-32-1 C14H19I
3-Thietanol,1,1-dioxide 3-Thietanol,1,1-dioxide 22524-35-2 C3H6O3S
2-BroMo-5-iodo-1,3-diMethylbenzene 2-BroMo-5-iodo-1,3-diMethylbenzene 689260-53-5 C8H8BrI
1-broMo-2,3-bis(broMoMethyl)benzene 1-broMo-2,3-bis(broMoMethyl)benzene 127168-82-5 C8H7Br3
2-(4-broMo-2,6-difluorophenyl)acetonitrile 2-(4-broMo-2,6-difluorophenyl)acetonitrile 537033-52-6 C8H4BrF2N
fluoroMethyl 4-Methylbenzenesulfonate fluoroMethyl 4-Methylbenzenesulfonate 114435-86-8 C8H9FO3S
1-Boc-3-azido-azetidine 1-Boc-3-azido-azetidine 429672-02-6 C8H14N4O2
9-(4-Bromophenyl)-9-phenylfluorene 9-(4-Bromophenyl)-9-phenylfluorene 937082-81-0 C25H17Br
2,3-Difluoro-1,4-diiodobenzene 2,3-Difluoro-1,4-diiodobenzene 501433-06-3 C6H2F2I2
4-Bromo-1-[trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]benzene 4-Bromo-1-[trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]benzene 89409-95-0 C21H31Br
3-(Acetyloxy)-3-methylbutanoic acid (1S)-1-(1,4-dihydro-5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxo-2-naphthalenyl)-4-methyl-3-pentenyl ester 3-(Acetyloxy)-3-methylbutanoic acid (1S)-1-(1,4-dihydro-5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxo-2-naphthalenyl)-4-methyl-3-pentenyl ester 69091-17-4 C23H26O8
4-Chloro-N-(4-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-3-nitro-benzenesulfonamide 4-Chloro-N-(4-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-3-nitro-benzenesulfonamide 420092-79-1 C16H11ClN2O5S
BIS(2-(METHOXYCARBONYL)PHENYL) CARBONATE BIS(2-(METHOXYCARBONYL)PHENYL) CARBONATE 82091-12-1 C17H14O7
1-BROMO-4-ISOBUTYLBENZENE 1-BROMO-4-ISOBUTYLBENZENE 2051-99-2 C10H13Br
N4,N4-di([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-N4'-(naphthalen-1-yl)-N4'-phenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine N4,N4-di([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-N4'-(naphthalen-1-yl)-N4'-phenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine C52H38N2
1-IODO-4-(TRANS-4-N-PROPYLCYCLOHEXYL)BENZENE 1-IODO-4-(TRANS-4-N-PROPYLCYCLOHEXYL)BENZENE 111158-11-3 C15H21I
1-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbaldehyde 1-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbaldehyde 1318793-96-2 C12H9NO3
1-Chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzene 1-Chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzene 74159-80-1 C8H8ClNO4S
(3,4,4-Trifluorobut-3-enyloxy)benzene (3,4,4-Trifluorobut-3-enyloxy)benzene 261761-15-3 C10H9F3O
Magnesium, bromo(4-bromophenyl)- Magnesium, bromo(4-bromophenyl)- 18620-02-5 C6H4Br2Mg
Benzeneacetaldehyde,2,5-dimethoxy- Benzeneacetaldehyde,2,5-dimethoxy- 33567-62-3 C10H12O3
Benzene, 5-bromo-1,2,3-tris(dodecyloxy)- Benzene, 5-bromo-1,2,3-tris(dodecyloxy)- 654065-52-8 C42H77BrO3
2,3,9,10,16,17-Hexachlorinated boron subphthalocyanine chloride 2,3,9,10,16,17-Hexachlorinated boron subphthalocyanine chloride 309963-65-3 C24H6BCl7N6
2,6-DIHYDROXYANTHRAQUINONE 2,6-DIHYDROXYANTHRAQUINONE 572-93-0 C14H8O4
1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene 1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene 6683-46-1 C14H20
1,4-Bis(2-cyanostyryl)benzene 1,4-Bis(2-cyanostyryl)benzene 13001-39-3 C24H16N2
2-FLUOROBENZAL CHLORIDE 2-FLUOROBENZAL CHLORIDE 320-65-0 C7H5Cl2F
Dimethyl 2-fluoroterephthalate Dimethyl 2-fluoroterephthalate 5292-47-7 C10H9FO4
(5R,9R)-5,7-bis(2-(cyclohexyloxy)naphthalen-1-yl)-6-hydroxy-6H-benzo[f]naphtho[2,3-b]phosphindole 6-oxide (5R,9R)-5,7-bis(2-(cyclohexyloxy)naphthalen-1-yl)-6-hydroxy-6H-benzo[f]naphtho[2,3-b]phosphindole 6-oxide 1016637-36-7 C52H45O6P
1-dichlorophosphoryl-4-methylbenzene 1-dichlorophosphoryl-4-methylbenzene 17566-84-6 C7H7Cl2OP
1,3-Benzenediol, 5-nonyl- 1,3-Benzenediol, 5-nonyl- 46834-36-0 C15H24O2
Benzene, (2-butoxyethoxy)- Benzene, (2-butoxyethoxy)- 91764-32-8 C12H18O2
C13-C16 Isoparaffin C13-C16 Isoparaffin 68551-20-2 C15H32
1-bromo-2-methylcyclohexane 1-bromo-2-methylcyclohexane 6294-39-9 C7H13Br
1,3-bis(4-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene 1,3-bis(4-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene 1638-12-6 C30H22O4
methanedisulphonyl dichloride methanedisulphonyl dichloride 5799-68-8 CH2Cl2O4S2
2,5-dimethoxy-4-morpholinobenzenediazonium chloride, compound with zinc chloride 2,5-dimethoxy-4-morpholinobenzenediazonium chloride, compound with zinc chloride 5059-60-9 C12H16N3O3.xCl2Zn.Cl
p-(diethoxymethyl)toluene p-(diethoxymethyl)toluene 2403-59-0 C12H18O2
1,1'-(bromomethylene)bis(4-fluorobenzene) 1,1'-(bromomethylene)bis(4-fluorobenzene) 345-90-4 C13H9BrF2
2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-1-ylidene)malononitrile compound with bromomethane (1:1) 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-1-ylidene)malononitrile compound with bromomethane (1:1)
5-isopropyl-1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 5-isopropyl-1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 10222-95-4 C12H18
[cis(cis)]-4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine) [cis(cis)]-4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine) 6693-31-8 C13H26N2
1,8-dimethoxyanthraquinone 1,8-dimethoxyanthraquinone 6407-55-2 C16H12O4
1,2-diphenylpropane 1,2-diphenylpropane 5814-85-7 C15H16
6-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulphonic acid 6-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulphonic acid 573-07-9 C10H9NO4S
zirconium chloride hydroxide zirconium chloride hydroxide 10119-31-0 ClHOZr
1-(chloromethyl)-4-(phenylthio)benzene 1-(chloromethyl)-4-(phenylthio)benzene 1208-87-3 C13H11ClS
copper O,O'-diethyl bis(dithiocarbonate) copper O,O'-diethyl bis(dithiocarbonate) 819-74-9 C6H10CuO2S4
1-chloro-4-[3-chloro-1-(1-methylethoxy)propyl]benzene 1-chloro-4-[3-chloro-1-(1-methylethoxy)propyl]benzene 6940-88-1 C12H16Cl2O
1-Naphthalenecarboxaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy- 1-Naphthalenecarboxaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy- 17133-82-3 C12H10O3
1,1'-(bromomethylene)bis[2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzene] 1,1'-(bromomethylene)bis[2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzene] 5736-49-2 C13HBrF10
sodium 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoate sodium 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoate 2078-42-4 C7H2Cl3NaO2
1,4-Dibromoadamantane 1,4-Dibromoadamantane 39646-72-5 C10H14Br2
((2R,3R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl benzoate ((2R,3R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl benzoate
1-Bromo-2,3-dimethyl-4-fluoroBenzene 1-Bromo-2,3-dimethyl-4-fluoroBenzene 52548-00-2 C8H8BrF
Atorvastatin calcium nucleus M4 Atorvastatin calcium nucleus M4 C26H24FNO3
1,4-DIBROMO-1,1,2,2-TETRAFLUOROBUTANE 1,4-DIBROMO-1,1,2,2-TETRAFLUOROBUTANE 18599-20-7 C4H4Br2F4
Propane Propane C3H8
1-Acetyl-5-bromoindoline 1-Acetyl-5-bromoindoline 22190-38-1 C10H10BrNO
2-(3-chlorophenyl)dibenzo[b,d]furan 2-(3-chlorophenyl)dibenzo[b,d]furan 2474038-97-4 C18H11ClO
2,3,4,5-tetrafluoro-8$l^{4}-thia-7,9-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nona-2,4,7,8,1 0-pentaene 2,3,4,5-tetrafluoro-8$l^{4}-thia-7,9-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nona-2,4,7,8,1 0-pentaene 75207-77-1 C6F4N2S
azidocyclohexane azidocyclohexane 19573-22-9 C6H11N3
1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane 1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane 3194-57-8 C8H12Br4
1,2,4,5-tetrahydroxybenzene 1,2,4,5-tetrahydroxybenzene 636-32-8 C6H6O4
4-BROMO-3,5-DIMETHYLANISOLE 4-BROMO-3,5-DIMETHYLANISOLE 6267-34-1 C9H11BrO
2-BENZYLOXYBENZYLBROMIDE 2-BENZYLOXYBENZYLBROMIDE 103633-30-3 C14H13BrO
Bis(3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone Bis(3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone 41481-66-7 C18H18O4S
2-C-METHYL-3,5-DI-O-(4-METHYLBENZOYL)-D-RIBOFURANOSE 2-C-METHYL-3,5-DI-O-(4-METHYLBENZOYL)-D-RIBOFURANOSE 943638-20-8 C22H24O7
TRANS-1-ETHOXY-2,3-DIFLUORO-4-(4-PROPYL-CYCLOHEXYL)-BENZENE TRANS-1-ETHOXY-2,3-DIFLUORO-4-(4-PROPYL-CYCLOHEXYL)-BENZENE 174350-05-1 C17H24F2O
1,2-DIBROMO-4-(1,2-DIBROMOETHYL)-CYCLOHEXANE 1,2-DIBROMO-4-(1,2-DIBROMOETHYL)-CYCLOHEXANE 3322-93-8 C8H12Br4
8-Chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo-[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid 8-Chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo-[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid 353258-35-2 C9H4ClF3N2O2
1-IODO-2,2,3,3,3-PENTAFLUOROPROPANE 1-IODO-2,2,3,3,3-PENTAFLUOROPROPANE 354-69-8 C3H2F5I
1,3-DIETHYL-5-METHYLBENZENE 1,3-DIETHYL-5-METHYLBENZENE 2050-24-0 C11H16
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