塩化亜鉛 化學(xué)特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色澄明の液體
定義
本品は、亜鉛の塩化物であり、次の化學(xué)式で表される。
溶解性
水及びエタノールに溶ける。
解説
塩化亜鉛はい亜鉛と塩素の化合物。潮解性で、きわめて水に溶けやすい。エタノール（エチルアルコール）、アセトン、エーテルなどの有機溶媒にもよく溶ける。水溶液はいくぶん加水分解して、弱酸性を示す。木材に注入して防腐剤として用いられる。また耐火性を與える。乾電池材料、醫(yī)薬品（収斂(しゅうれん)薬、防腐薬その他）、染色剤などとして用いられる。劇薬。［中原勝儼］[參照項目] | 亜鉛 | アセトン | エタノール | エーテル | 塩酸 | 塩素 | 化合物 | 加水分解 | 結(jié)晶 | 酸化亜鉛 | 収斂剤 | 潮解[補完資料] | 塩化亜鉛（データノート）
小學(xué)館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) ）
用途
乾電池、染料?農(nóng)薬の合成用、塩化亜鉛法活性炭の賦活剤、メッキ、アクリル系合成繊維、ファイバー(板)紙、布製品難燃化、軽金屬脫酸、はんだ付け前脫酸処理、塩化ビニル觸媒、水処理薬品、金屬石けん、醫(yī)用薬品(脫臭剤、アストリンゼン、脫水剤など)、化粧品原料?？谇幌礇穭垽摔戏枷阌亭趣趣猡思s1%ローションが用いられる。ほかに収れん剤、脫臭剤、染色剤、防腐剤として用いられる。醫(yī)薬品としては、亜鉛イオンは水溶液中で、タンパク質(zhì)を沈澱させる作用があるので、歯科で根管の止血に用いることがある。そのほか、木材の防腐剤、有機合成における脫水剤、縮合剤に用いる
用途
高純度金屬化合物。
用途
汎用試薬、有機合成(和光試薬時報Vol.66 No.2,p.21(1998))。
化粧品の成分用途
口腔ケア剤、口腔衛(wèi)生剤、殺菌剤、収れん剤、薬用収れん剤-口腔ヘルスケア用醫(yī)薬品
準備
金屬亜鉛あるいは酸化亜鉛を塩酸に溶かし、溶液を濃縮すると得られる無色の結(jié)晶。水溶液からは28℃以上では無水和物が得られ、融解して急速に冷卻するとα(アルファ)型が、ゆっくりと冷卻するとβ(ベータ)型が、室溫に近い水溶液からはγ(ガンマ)型が得られる。それ以下の溫度では各種の水和物（26℃では1.5水和物、13℃では2.5水和物、7℃では三水和物、－30℃では四水和物）が得られる。
効能
収斂薬, 象牙質(zhì)知覚過敏癥治療薬
使用上の注意
純度は金屬ベースで差數(shù)法によって算出したもので、重量又は容量分析等の化學(xué)的方法によるものではありません。使用目的により、正確な含量が必要な場合は、それらの方法によって測定する必要があります。潮解性あり
説明
Zinc chloride is a white deliquescent salt. It forms acidic solutions in water and in polar
organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and ether. Anhydrous zinc chloride hydrolyzes
with moisture to form hydrochloric acid. It also forms complex ions with water, ammonia,
and some organic solvents. Zinc chloride reacts with sulphide to minimise release of H2S
gas in waste treatment facilities. Zinc chloride 50% solution also serves as a high-quality
mercerising agent for cotton. Zinc chloride is incompatible with strong oxidising agents,
moisture, cyanides, sulphides, and potassium.
化學(xué)的特性
Zinc chloride is white/colorless crystalline granules.
物理的性質(zhì)
White crystalline powder or granules; hygroscopic; density 2.907 g/cm
3; melts at 290°C; vaporizes at 732°C; vapor pressure 1 torr at 428°C and 20 torrat 536°C; highly soluble in water, 432 g/100mL at 25°C; aqueous solution acidic in litmus test; also soluble in ethanol, glycerol, and acetone.
使用
Zinc chloride is used as a wood preservative and in fireproofing timber. Other uses are as a deodorant in disinfecting fluids; in dental cements; in electroplating; in etching metals and glass; as flux for soldering; as a mordant in printing and dyeing textiles; in making dry batteries; in denaturing alcohols; in vulcanizing rubber; in manufacturing parchment; in making artificial silk; in making activated carbon and cold-water glues; and in refining petroleum. Also, zinc chloride is used as a dehydrating and condensing agent in organic syntheses. In medicine it is used as an astringent and antiseptic.
製造方法
Zinc chloride is prepared by the reaction of zinc oxide or zinc metal with dilute hydrochloric acid, followed by crystallization:
ZnO + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2O
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
定義
zinc chloride: A white crystalline compound, ZnCl
2. The anhydrous salt, which is deliquescent, can be made by the action of hydrogen chloride gas on hot zinc; r.d. 2.9; m.p. 283°C; b.p. 732°C. It has a relatively low melting point and sublimes easily, indicating that it is a molecular compound rather than ionic. Various hydrates also exist. Zinc chloride is used as a catalyst, dehydrating agent, and Ûux for hard solder. It was once known as butter of zinc.
一般的な説明
Zinc chloride is a colorless liquid. Zinc chloride is mildly corrosive to metals. Zinc chloride causes burns to eyes, skin and mucous membranes.
空気と水の反応
When dissolved in water, Zinc chloride is a strong acid. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 964]
反応プロフィール
Acidic salts, such as ZINC CHLORIDE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions.
危険性
Inhalation of zinc chloride fumes can injure lungs and respiratory tract. Dusts or fumes also cause dermatitis, boils, conjunctivitis, and gastrointestinal tract upset (Lewis(Sr), R.J. 1996. Sax’s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 9th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold). LD
50 oral (rat): 350mg/kg LCLO (inhalation): 1.960 g/m
3/10 min.
健康ハザード
Exposures to zinc chloride cause adverse health effects and poisoning. On contact with the skin, zinc chloride causes skin burns and ulcerations, redness, eyes develop pain and blurred vision, and any splashes from solutions may cause eye damage. It is extremely
destructive to the tissues of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. The
symptoms of toxicity include, but are not limited to, burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, headache, nausea and vomiting, and irritation or corrosion to the gastrointestinal tract with abdominal pain. After repeated exposures of zinc
chloride through skin contact, occupational workers develop varying degrees of skin
problems, such as dermatitis and skin ulcerations. Repeated inhalation of zinc chloride
causes occupational asthma among workers
火災(zāi)危険
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion,
intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes.
Human systemic effects by inhalation: pulm-
onary changes. An experimental teratogen.
Experimental reproductive effects.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Human mutation data
reported. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes,
and mucous membranes, Exposure to ZnCl2
fumes or dusts can cause dermatitis, boils,
conjunctivitis, gastrointestinal tract upsets.
The fumes are highly toxic. Incompatible
with potassium. Mixtures of the powdered
chloride and powdered zinc are flammable.
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of Cland ZnO. See also ZINC
COMPOUNDS and CHLORIDES.
職業(yè)ばく露
Zinc chloride is used in iron galvanizing;
as a wood preservative; for dry battery cells; as a soldering
flux; in textile finishing; in vulcanized fiber;
reclaiming rubber; in oil and gas well operations; oil refining;
manufacturing of parchment paper; in dyes; activated
carbon; in chemical synthesis; in adhesives; dentists’
cement; deodorants, disinfecting and embalming solutions;
and taxidermy. It is also produced by military screeningsmoke.
輸送方法
UN2331 Zinc chloride, anhydrous, Hazard class: 8;
Labels: 8-Corrosive material. UN1840 Zinc chloride, solution,
Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.
純化方法
The anhydrous material can be sublimed under a stream of dry HCl, followed by heating to 400o in a stream of dry N2. It sublimes at high vacuum. Also purify it by refluxing (50g) in dioxane (400mL) with 5g zinc dust, filtering hot and cooling to precipitate ZnCl2. Crystallise it from dioxane and store it in a desiccator over P2O5. It has also been dried by refluxing in thionyl chloride. [Weberg et al. J Am Chem Soc 108 6242 1986.] Hygroscopic: minimal exposure to the atmosphere is necessary. [Wagenknecht & Juza Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol II p 1070 1965.]
不和合性
Aqueous solutions are strongly acidic.
Incompatible with bases and potassium. Incompatible with
strong oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates,
perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact
may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from
alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids,
epoxides. Corrosive to metals.
廃棄物の処理
Dump in water; add soda ash
and stir, then neutralize and flush to sewer with water.
Alternatively, zinc chloride may be recovered from spent
catalysts and used in acrylic fiber spinning solutions.
予防処置
Exposures to zinc chloride are dangerous, corrosive, and cause burns to any area of contact. Harmful if swallowed or inhaled. Affects the cardiovascular system.
參考文獻
H.R. Oswald, H. Jaggi, Helv. Chim. Acta, 43, 72 (1960), DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19600430109.
塩化亜鉛 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品
2-アミノニコチン酸
3-メチル-1H-ピラゾロ[3,4-B]ピリジン
2-アミノ-3-シアノピリジン
4-ヘキサノイルレソルシノール
1-クロロ-2-メチルプロパン
2-Methyoxy-3-methyl-2-phenyl-4H-benzo-g-pyranone
4-クロロジフェニルメタン
4, 4^<'^>-dimethylamino diphenyl ketone
polysulfone anion exchange membrane
2,3,3',4,4',5'-ヘキサヒドロキシベンゾフェノン
7-HYDROXY-3-METHYLFLAVONE
4-ブチルアニリン
4-ヘキシルレソルシノール
2-アミノ-5-クロロ-2'-フルオロベンゾフェノン
Anion exchange resin,strong basic styrene
2-(1-シクロヘキセニル)シクロヘキサノン
フェノール レッド
3-アミノナフタレン-2-カルボン酸
fluorescent whitening agent SWN
7-アミノ-4-トリフルオロメチルクマリン
クレゾールレッド
1,1,2-トリフルオロ-2-クロロエテン
5-クロロ-2-テニルクロリド
p-デシルアニリン
6-tert-ブチル-m-クレゾール
4-(methoxymethyl)benzyl chloride
o-クレゾールフタレインを0.04%含む約95%含水エタノール溶液
1,1-ジクロロエタン
1-クロロプロパン
ジエチル亜鉛
4-[[4-[(4-ジアゾニオフェニル)アミノ]フェニル]アゾ]-2-エトキシ-5-メチルベンゼンジアゾニウム
styrene type polyethylene homogeneous anion exchange membrane
フクシン
4-(クロロメチル)-3,5-ジメチルイソオキサゾール
5-メトキシ-2-メチルインドール
6-メトキシ-4-メチルキノリン
1-クロロペンタン
2-(4-クロロフェニル)インドール
(2-フラニル)エチルケトン
ピラゾロ[3,4-b]ピリジン