Magnesiumoxid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
HYGROSKOPISCHES, FEINES, WEISSES PULVER.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Reagiert sehr heftig mit Halogenen und starken S?uren.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 10 mg/m?(als TWA); (Einatembare Fraktion); Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 1,5 mg/m?(Alveoleng?ngige Fraktion); 4 mg/m?(Einatembare Fraktion); als Magnesiumoxidrauch: IIb (nicht festgelegt, aber Informationen vorhanden); (DFG 2006).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation des Aerosols oder Rauchs und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfen bei 20°C vernachl?ssigbar; eine bel?stigende Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Nase. Inhalation des Rauches kann Metalldampffieber verursachen.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in Beh?ltern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen. Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzger?t, P1-Filter für inerte Partikel.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R20/22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Einatmen und Verschlucken.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
Beschreibung
Magnesium oxide (MgO), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral, often found as a powder, which occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium . It has an empirical formula of MgO and consists of a lattice of Mg2+ ions and O2? ions held together by ionic bonding. Magnesium oxide is only very slightly soluble in water but in aqueous media combines quickly with water to form magnesium hydroxide. The majority of magnesium oxide produced today is obtained from the calcination of naturally occurring minerals, magnesite, MgCO3, being the most common. Other important sources of magnesium oxide are seawater, underground deposits of brine and deep salt beds from which magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] is processed. In medicine, magnesium oxide can be used as an antacid to relieve heartburn, sour stomach, or acid indigestion, as a laxative for short-term, rapid emptying of the bowel (before surgery, for example) and as a mineral supplement used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood. Besides, magnesium oxide also has many nonmedicinal uses. Caustic calcined magnesia is used in a wide range of industrial applications e.g. plastics, rubber, adhesives and acid neutralization. Magnesium oxide with lower chemical activity can be used for fertilizers and animal feed. Dead-burned magnesia and finally fused magnesia can be used for a variety of refractory and electrical applications e.g. furnace lining, crucibles and fireproofing boarding.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Magnesium oxide forms a finely divided
white particulate dispersed in air.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
White ceramics, with a high
reflective index in the visible
and near-UV regions. Used as
linings in steel furnaces.
Crucible container for fluoride
melts. Very slowly soluble in
pure water but soluble in diluted
strong mineral acids. Exhibits
outstanding corrosion resistance
in liquid metals Mg, Li, and Na.
Readily attacked by molten
metals Be, Si, Ti, Zr, Nb, and Ta.
MgO reacts with water, CO
2 , and diluted acids. Maximum service
temperature 2400°C.
Transmittance of 80% and
n=1.75 in IR region 7 to 300 μm.
Verwenden
Magnesium Oxide is a source of magnesium which functions as a
nutrient and dietary supplement. it exists as a bulky white powder
termed light magnesium oxide or as a dense white powder known as
heavy magnesium oxide. it is practically insoluble in water and is
insoluble in alcohol.
Definition
Two forms are produced,
one a light, fluffy material prepared by a relatively
low-temperature dehydration of the hydroxide, the
other a dense material made by high-temperature
furnacing of the oxide after it has been formed from
the carbonate or hydroxide.
synthetische
Magnesium
oxide is easily formed by burning magnesium
metal ribbon. Mg oxidizes and emits a bright white light,
rich in ultraviolet and hard to extinguish. Extreme care
must be taken if MgO is to be prepared by this method.
Magnesia is a white solid mineral that occurs naturally
as “Periclase” and is used as a source of magnesium
metal. Magnesium oxide is hygroscopic in nature and
care must be taken to protect it from moisture. It reacts
with water and forms the hydroxide:
MgO＋H2O→Mg(OH)2
However, this reaction can be reversed by heating it
to remove moisture.
Vorbereitung Methode
Magnesium oxide occurs naturally as the mineral periclase. It can be
manufactured by many processes. Limestone containing the mineral
dolomite is calcinated at high temperatures to produce dolime,
which then reacts with magnesium chloride-rich sea water to
produce magnesium hydroxide and calcium chloride.The
magnesium hydroxide is then calcinated to produce magnesium
oxide and water. In another process, mined magnesite (MgCO
3) is
calcinated to produce magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide.
Purification methods include crushing and size separation, heavymedia heavymedia
separation, and froth flotation. Producing magnesium oxide
from sea water is a process that involves heating magnesium
chloride concentrated brine from the Dead Sea. The magnesium
chloride decomposes into magnesium oxide and hydrochloric
acid.Magnesium oxide may also be produced by the thermal
decomposition of magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium
sulfite, nesquehonite, and the basic carbonate
5MgO·4CO
2·5H
2O. Purification of the magnesium oxide produced
through thermal degradation is carried out by filtration or
sedimentation.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Finely divided white particulate dispersed in air. (Note: Exposure may occur when magnesium is burned, thermally cut, or welded upon.).
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Phosphorus pentachloride and magnesium oxide react with brilliant incandescence [Mellor 8:1016. 1946-1947]. The oxide is incompatible with interhalogens such as bromine pentafluoride, etc.
Hazard
Toxic by inhalation of fume. Upper respiratory tract irritant, and metal fume fever. Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Magnesium oxide fume is an
irritant of the eyes and nose.
Pharmazeutische Anwendungen
Magnesium oxide is used as an alkaline diluent in solid-dosage
forms to modify the pH of tablets.It can be added to solid-dosage
forms to bind excess water and keep the granulation dry. In
combination with silica, magnesium oxide can be used as an auxiliary glidant. It is also used as a food additive and as an
antacid, either alone or in conjunction with aluminum hydroxide.
Magnesium oxide is additionally used as an osmotic laxative and a
magnesium supplement to treat deficiency states.
Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung
Magnesia is a term used for magnesium oxide (MgO).
Magnesite, caustic-calcium magnesite, dead-burned
magnesite and synthetic magnesite are also loosely used
as synonyms for magnesia. Magnesium oxide is used in agricultural applications for animal feed and fertilizer; in the United States, these applications represent about 20%–25% of the total annual caustic-calcined magnesia shipment. Magnesium serves as a structural part of the chlorophyll molecule, a compound necessary for plant photosynthesis. Without sufficient magnesium, either from the soil or from fertilizer application, plants can die. Grazing ruminants, such as cattle and sheep, require magnesium in their diet to guard ag ainst hypomagnesia, also known as grass tetany, a potentially fatal disease.
Industrielle Verwendung
Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a synthetic mineralproduced in electric arc furnaces or by sinteringof amorphous powder (periclase). Refractoryapplications consume a large quantity of MgO.Both brick and shapes are fabricated at leastpartially of sintered grain for use primarily inthe metal-processing industries. Heating unitinsulation is another major application for periclase.Principal advantages of periclase are itsthermal conductivity and electrical resistivity atelevated temperatures.
Specialty crucibles and shapes also are fabricatedfrom MgO. These are used in pyrometallurgicaland other purifying processes for specialtymetals. Both slip-casting and pressingtechniques are employed to manufactureshapes.
Thermocouple insulation comprises stillanother outlet for periclase. Since most of thesego into nuclear applications, a high-purity productis required. MgO is also an important glazeconstituent.
Single crystals of MgO have received attentionbecause of their use in ductile ceramic studies.Extreme purity is required in this area. Periclasewindows are also of potential interest ininfrared applications because of their transmissioncharacteristics.
Sicherheitsprofil
Inhalation of the fumes
can produce a febrile reaction and
leucocytosis in humans. Questionable
carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic
data. Violent reaction or ignition in contact
with interhalogens (e.g., bromine
pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride),
Incandescent reaction with phosphorus
pentachloride. See also MAGNESIUM
COMPOUNDS.
Sicherheit(Safety)
Magnesium oxide is widely used in oral formulations as an
excipient and as a therapeutic agent. Therapeutically, 250–500mg
is administered orally as an antacid and 2–5g as an osmotic
laxative. Magnesium oxide is generally regarded as a nontoxic
material when employed as an excipient, although adverse effects,
due to its laxative action, may occur if high doses are ingested orally.
m?gliche Exposition
Used in oil refining, pulp and paper
mills; tire manufacturing; in the manufacture of refractory
crucibles; fire bricks; magnesia cements and boiler scale
compounds. Exposure may occur when magnesium is
burned, thermally cut, or welded upon.
Lager
Magnesium oxide is stable at normal temperatures and pressures.
However, it forms magnesium hydroxide in the presence of water.
Magnesium oxide is hygroscopic and rapidly absorbs water and
carbon dioxide on exposure to the air, the light form more readily
than the heavy form.
The bulk material should be stored in an airtight container in a
cool, dry place.
Versand/Shipping
UN1418 Magnesium, powder or Magnesium
alloys, powder Hazard Class: 4.3; Labels: 4.3-Dangerous
when wet material, 4.2-Spontaneously combustible
materia
Inkompatibilit?ten
Violent reaction with halogens/interhalogens, chlorine trifluoride, bromine pentalfluoride; strong
acids. Phosphorus pentachloride and magnesium oxide
react with brilliant incandescence (Mellor 8:1016.
19461947). May ignite and explode when heated with
sublimed sulfur, magnesium powder, or aluminum powder
Regulatory Status
GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe.
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral capsules,
tablets, and buccal). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in
the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal
Ingredients.
Einzelnachweise
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_oxide
2. https://www.chemistryworld.com/podcasts/magnesium-oxide/7645.article
3. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/magnesium_oxide#section=Top
4. http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=54
5. https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601074.html
6. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/magnesium%20oxide
7. http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-3954/magnesium-oxide-oral/details
Magnesiumoxid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
BASIC RED 46
Magnesiumnitrat
Artinite
7-HYDROXY-2-OXO-2H-CHROMENE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER
Dinatrium-6,13-dichlor-3,10-bis(phenylamino)triphenodioxazin-2,9-disulfonat
Trimagnesiumbis(orthophosphat)
Magnesium fluorosilicate
carnallite
rubber products
magnesium sulphate monohydrate
Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate
2,4-Dinitrobenzolsulfonsure
1-Phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)harnstoff
3-Methyl-2-[(1-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)azo]thiazoliumchlorid
Vicnna lime
8-METHOXY-2-OXO-2H-CHROMENE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID AMIDE
Glass fiber reinforced plastic cooling tower
naphtha steam reforming catalysts
7-HYDROXY-2-OXO-2H-CHROMENE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID AMIDE
Oxendolone
MAGNESIUM HEXAFLUOROACETYLACETONATE DIHYDRATE
L-Carnitine-L-tartrate
Magnesiumbis(dihydrogenorthophosphat)
psi,psi-Carotin
Magnesiumdistearat
Magnesiumhexafluorosilicat
2-[3-(1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene)prop-1-enyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium chloride
Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate
2-[[(1,3-Dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-2H-benzimidazol-2-yliden)methyl]azo]-3-methylbenzothiazoliummethylsulfat
7-HYDROXY-2-OXO-2H-CHROMENE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER
Magnesiumperoxid
6-AMINO-CHROMEN-2-ONE
7-PROPOXY-CHROMEN-2-ONE
6-CHLORO-2-OXO-2H-CHROMENE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID
Sulfur-magnesium fertilizer
Magnesiumdihydrogendi-L-aspartat
MAGNESIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE TRIHYDRATE
zinc oxide desulphurizer
Gemfibrozil
Magnesiumhydrogenorthophosphat
