Stickstoffmonoxid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSES KOMPRIMIERTES GAS.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Starkes Oxidationsmittel. Reagiert mit brennbaren und reduzierenden Stoffen. Bei Kontakt mit Luft Freisetzung von Stickstoffdioxid.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 25 ppm (als TWA); BEI vorhanden; (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Eine gesundheitssch?dliche Konzentration des Gases in der Luft wird beim Entweichen aus dem Beh?lter sehr schnell erreicht.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Atemwege. Inhalation kann zu Lungen?dem führen (s.Anm.). M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Blut mit nachfolgender Meth?moglobinbildung. Exposition kann zum Tod führen. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verz?gert ein. ?rztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Risiko der Lungensch?digung bei wiederholter oder l?ngerer Exposition.
LECKAGE
Gasdichter Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabh?ngigem Atemschutzger?t.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R8:Feuergefahr bei Berührung mit brennbaren Stoffen.
R23:Giftig beim Einatmen.
R34:Verursacht Ver?tzungen.
R44:Explosionsgefahr bei Erhitzen unter Einschluss.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S17:Von brennbaren Stoffen fernhalten.
S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
Beschreibung
near room temperature (its liquid density at 20°C is 1.45 g/cm3).
Nitrogen monoxide (NO) is commonly called nitric oxide,Nitric oxide is colorless and has a sharp sweet odor;Nitric oxide is nonfl ammable, toxic gases.Nitric oxide is a free radical that quickly reacts in air to produce nitrogen dioxide.It is also an
important biological messenger and transmitter.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Nitric oxide,NO, also known as nitrogen oxide and nitrogen monoxide, is a colorless gas that will react with oxygen at room temperature to form nitrogen dioxide, N202, a reddish-brown gas.It is soluble in water and alcohol and is used primarily to form other compounds.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless gas; paramagnetic; density 1.3402 g/L; slightly heavier than air, air density 1.04 (air=1); liquefies at -151.8°C to a blue liquid; the refractive index of the liquid 1.330 at -90°C; the density of the liquid 1.269 g/mL at -150.2°C; solidifies at -163.6°C to a bluish-white snow-like solid; critical temperature -94°C; critical pressure 65 atm; slightly soluble in water, 4.6 mL gas dissolves in 100 mL water at 20°C while 7.34 mL and 2.37 mL dissolve in the same volume of water at 0 and 60°C, respectively; more soluble in alcohol than water; soluble in carbon disulfide, and in ferrous sulfate solution (reacts).
History
Nitric oxide was prepared in 1772 by Joseph Priestley
(1733–1804) and described in his volumes Experiments and Observations of Different Kinds
of Air published between 1774 and 1786. Priestley called nitric oxide nitrous air, nitrogen
dioxide nitrous acid vapor, and nitrous oxide phlogisticated nitrous air, but also referred to the
latter as diminished nitrous air. He observed the change of clear nitric oxide to red nitrogen
dioxide. Priestley prepared nitric oxide by reacting nitric acid with a metal such as copper:
3Cu(s) + 8HNO3(aq) → 2NO(g) + 3Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 4H2O(l).
Verwenden
Nitric oxide is used as an intermediate in themanufacture of nitric acid, in the preparationof metal nitrosyls, in bleaching of rayon,and in incandescent lamps. It is produced byheating air at high temperatures.
Vorbereitung Methode
Nitric oxide is commercially produced by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia using aplatinum catalyst: 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g).
Definition
ChEBI: Nitric Oxide is a nitrogen oxide which is a free radical, each molecule of which consists of one nitrogen and one oxygen atom.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A colorless gas. Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible material. Vapors heavier than air. Very toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. Heating the containers may cause them to rupture violently and rocket.
Nitric oxide was discovered by Van Helmont in 1620. It occurs in the exhaust gases from automobiles along with other oxides of nitrogen, at trace concentrations. It also is found in minute quantities in the upper atmosphere, resulting from the oxidation of nitrogen in the presence of ionizing radiation or by electric discharge. Nitric oxide is the most stable oxide of nitrogen. It is used as an intermediate or as a starting reactant in the production of many nitrogen compounds, including nitrogen dioxide, nitric acid and nitrosyl chloride.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Combines very rapidly with oxygen in the air to form nitrogen dioxide. Nitrogen dioxide reacts with water to form nitric acid and NITRIC OXIDE, reacts with alkalis to form nitrates and nitrites [Merck 11th ed. 1989].
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
NITRIC OXIDE can serve as both an oxidizing agent and as a reducing agent. Sustains the combustion of powdered aluminum [Mellor 5:209-212. 1946-47]. Enflames or explodes when mixed with vapors of carbon disulfide [Mellor 8, Supp. 2:232. 1967]. Reacts vigorously with sodium monoxide above 100°C [Mellor 2, Supp. 2:629. 1961]. Reacts on contact with oxygen at room temperature to form brown gaseous nitrogen dioxide. Reacts with alkalis to form nitrates and nitrites [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. The liquid is very sensitive to detonation in the presence of water.
Hazard
Supports combustion. Toxic by inhalation,
strong irritant to skin and mucous membranes.
Hypoxia/cyanosis, nitrosyl-hemoglobin formation,
and upper respiratory tract irritant.
Health Hazard
Can cause death or permanent injury after a very short exposure to small quantities. Irritant of eyes, nose, throat; can cause unconsciousness. NITRIC OXIDE forms acids in the respiratory system which are irritating and cause congestion in the lungs. Concentrations of 60-150 ppm cause immediate irritation of the nose and throat with coughing and burning in the throat and chest. 6-24 hours after exposure, labored breathing and unconsciousness may result. Concentrations of 100-150 ppm are dangerous for short exposure of 30-60 minutes. Concentrations of 200-700 ppm may be fatal after very short exposure.
Brandgefahr
Noncombustible gas; burns with fuels,
hydrocarbons, or when heated with hydrogen.
Nitric oxide reacts violently with carbon
disulfide vapors, producing green luminous
flame; with fluorine, it produces a pale yel low flame. It explodes when mixed with
ozone, chlorine monoxide, or a nitrogen tri halide. Reactions with many pyrophoric met als produce incandescence. Reaction with
amorphous boron produces brilliant flashes.
Materials Uses
Nitric oxide is noncorrosive, and most common
structural materials may be used. However, in
the presence of moisture and oxygen, corrosive
conditions will develop as a result of the formation
of nitric and nitrous acids. Prior to use,
systems to contain nitric oxide must first be
purged with an inert gas. Where air contamination
cannot be eliminated, stainless steel should
be used.
m?gliche Exposition
Nitric oxide is used in the manufacture
of nitric acid; it is also used in the bleaching of rayon;
it is a raw material for nitrosyl halide preparation.
Environmental Fate
Nitric oxide is converted spontaneously in the air to nitrogen
dioxide; hence, some of the latter gas is present whenever nitric
oxide is found in air (at concentrations below 50 ppm). Nitric
oxide is a contributor to photochemical air pollution.
Lager
Nitric oxide should only be used in
well-ventilated areas. Valve protection caps and
valve outlet threaded plugs must remain in place
unless the container is secured and the valve
outlet piped to the point of use. Do not drag,
slide, or roll cylinders. Use a suitable hand truck
to move cylinders. Use a pressure reducing
regulator when connecting a cylinder to lower
pressure (1000 psig or 6900 kPa) piping systems.
Do not heat a cylinder of nitric oxide by
any means to increase the discharge rate from
the cylinder. Use a check valve or trap in the
discharge line to prevent hazardous reverse flow
into the cylinder.
Versand/Shipping
UN1660/124 Nitric oxide, compressed, Hazard
Class: 2.3; Labels: 2.3-Poisonous gas, 5.1-Oxidizer,
8-Corrosive material, Inhalation Hazard Zone A. Cylinders
must be transported in a secure upright position, in a wellventilated
truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical
damage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the
only entity allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport
and refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulations
to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express
written permission of the owner.
l?uterung methode
Bubble the gas through 10M NaOH which removes NO2. It can also be freed from NO2 by passage through a column of Ascarite followed by a column of silica gel held at -197oK. The gas is dried with solid NaOH pellets or by passing through silica gel cooled at -78o, followed by fractional distillation from a liquid N2 trap. This purification does not eliminate nitrous oxide. Other gas scrubbers sometimes used include one containing conc H2SO4 and another containing mercury. It is freed from traces of N2 by the freeze and thaw method. [Blanchard Inorg Synth II 126 1946, Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I pp 485-487 1963.] TOXIC.
Inkompatibilit?ten
A strong oxidizer but may also act as a
reducing agent. Explosive reaction with nitrogen
trichloride, ozone, carbon disulfide; pentacarbonyl iron;
chlorine monoxide. Incompatible with halogens, combustibles,
metals, oil, alcohols, chlorinated hydrocarbons (e.g.,
trichloroethylene), reducing agents (such as NH3), oxygen,
fluorine, metals. Reacts with water to form nitric acid.
Rapidly converted in air to nitrogen dioxide. Combines
very rapidly with oxygen in the air to form nitrogen dioxide.
Nitrogen dioxide reacts with water to form nitric acid
and nitric oxide, reacts with alkalis to form nitrates and
nitrites.
Waste disposal
Return refillable compressed
gas cylinders to supplier. Incineration with added hydrocarbon
fuel, controlled so as to produce elemental nitrogen,
CO2, and water. Consult with environmental regulatory
agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/
mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage,
transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
Einzelnachweise
1.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_oxide
2.https://www.drugs.com/mtm/nitric-oxide-inhalation-gas.html
3.https://www.britannica.com/science/nitric-oxide
4.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/106/2/344
5.http://www.mensfitness.com/nutrition/supplements/supplement-guide-nitric-oxide
6.http://www.approvedhomemanagement.com/productchemicalpropertiescb5433122.htm
Stickstoffmonoxid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
