Diethylcarbonat Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die D?mpfe sind schwerer als Luft und k?nnen sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung m?glich.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Reagiert sehr heftig mit starken Oxidationsmitteln unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Greift viele Kunststoffe und Harze an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachl?ssigbar; eine gesundheitssch?dliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Versprühen schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Atemwege.
LECKAGE
Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit m?glichst in abdichtbaren Beh?ltern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzfilter für organische Gase und D?mpfe.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R10:Entzündlich.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
Chemische Eigenschaften
Diethyl carbonate is esters, beta-enamino esters, carbamates and unsymmetrical alkyl carbonates. It is a colourless liquid with a mild odour. Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether and other organic solvents.
synthetische
Diethyl carbonate is prepared by reaction of phosgene and ethyl alcohol to produce ethyl chlorocarbonate followed by reaction with anhydrous ethylalcohol at elevated temperatures. direct synthesis of diethyl carbonate (dec) by carboxylation of ethanol with co2 was investigated over ceria catalysts.
Vorbereitung Methode
Diethyl carbonate (DEC), one of the most frequently used aliphatic carbonates, is produced by passing gaseous phosgene in boiling ethanol, in a molar ratio of 1 part of phosgene to 2.5 – 4 parts of ethanol, into a glass or enamel apparatus consisting of a heatable reaction vessel with a reflux condenser and a distillation setup. The reaction gives essentially quantitative yields (≥ 99 %) and also forms hydrogen chloride. Excess ethanol is removed from the reaction mixture by distillation, and DEC is obtained as the residue.
Manufacturing steps: (a) reacting chlorine and carbon monoxide to produce (COCl2); (b) reacting phosgene with ethyl alcohol to make ethyl chlorocarbonate (ClCO2C2H5); (c) reacting ethyl chlorocarbonate with anhydrous ethyl alcohol to produce diethyl carbonate.
Definition
ChEBI: Diethyl carbonate is a carbonate ester.
Application
Diethyl carbonate is a well-known linear organic carbonate that has wide applications. It is an active component of electrolytes used in lithium which is used as a solvent for cellulose ethers, nitro cellulose, manufacture of radio tubes, fixing rare earths to cathode elements, natural and synthetic resin and in erythromycin intramuscular injections. It is also used in the synthesis of 3-ethyl-4-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-oxazol-2-one, phenobarbital, pyrethrum batteries.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Diethyl carbonate appears as a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant odor. It is slightly less dense than water and insoluble in water.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Diethyl carbonate reacts with acids to liberate heat along with ethanol and carbon dioxide. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing with alkali metals and hydrides.
Health Hazard
High vapor concentrations can cause headache, irritation of eyes and respiratory tract, dizziness, nausea, weakness, loss of consciousness.
Sicherheitsprofil
Wdly toxic by
subcutaneous route. Questionable
carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic
and teratogenic data. A dangerous fire
hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can
react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire,
use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated
to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
fumes. See also ANHYDRIDES.
Carcinogenicity
A study using male and female
mice treated with 0, 50, 250, or 1000 ppm (0–140 mg/kg/day)
diethyl carbonate in drinking water indicated no carcinogenic
effects.
l?uterung methode
Wash the ester (100mL) with an aqueous 10% Na2CO3 (20mL) solution, saturated CaCl2 (20mL), then water (30mL). After drying by standing over solid CaCl2 for 1hour (note that prolonged contact should be avoided because slow combination with CaCl2 occurs), it should be fractionally distilled. Also dry it over MgSO4 and distil it. [Beilstein 3 H 5, 3 I 4, 3 II 4, 3 III 5, 3 IV 5.]
Diethylcarbonat Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
6-HYDROXY-7-METHOXY-4-PHENYLCOUMARIN
Purin-2(3H),6(1H)-dion
5-[2-(METHYLTHIO)PYRIMIDIN-4-YL]THIOPHENE-2-SULFONYL CHLORIDE
Clomifendihydrogencitrat
Ethylcarbazat
4-Hydroxycumarin
1,2-BENZISOXAZOLE-3-ACETIC ACID
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
Guaifenesin
4-[2-(Diethylamino)ethoxy]benzophenon
Diethylethyl(phenyl)malonat
Ethylbenzoylacetat
6-Phenyl-2-thiouracil
4-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazolidin-3,5-dion
3-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propandiol-1-carbamat
3-BROMO-4-HYDROXY-CHROMEN-2-ONE
Ethyl methyl carbonate
1-Phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)harnstoff
TEMAFLOXACIN
Amiodaron
7-Chlor-1-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-5-(2-fluorphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-on
3-OXO-3-THIOPHEN-2-YL-PROPIONIC ACID ETHYL ESTER
Sarafloxacin
6-(TERT-BUTYL)PYRIMIDINE-2,4-DIAMINE
Ethyl-2-oxocyclohexancarboxylat
(DHQ)2PYR
(DHQD)2PYR
4-BUTYLAMINO-CHROMEN-2-ONE
3-Ethylpentan-3-ol
lithium-ion battery
4-AMINO-CHROMEN-2-ONE
4-HYDROXY-2-OXO-2H-CHROMENE-3-CARBALDEHYDE
5-Ethyl-5-phenyl-barbiturs?ure
N-(4-HYDROXY-2-OXO-2H-CHROMEN-3-YL)-ACETAMIDE
Ethyltriphenylphosphoniumacetat
3-AMINO-4-HYDROXY-CHROMEN-2-ONE