Ethylbenzol Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT AROMATISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die D?mpfe mischen sich leicht mit Luft. Bildung explosionsf?higer Gemische.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln. Greift Plastik und Gummi an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 100 ppm (als TWA), 125 ppm (als STEL); Krebskategorie A3 (best?tigte krebserzeugende Wirkung beim Tier mit unbekannter Bedeutung für den Menschen); BEI vorhanden, (ACGIH 2007).
MAK: Hautresorption (H); Krebserzeugend Kategorie 3A (DFG 2008). EG Arbeitsplatz-Richtgrenzwerte: 442 mg/m?100 ppm (als TWA) 884 mg/m?200 ppm (als STEL) Hautresorption (EU 2006).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation der D?mpfe und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt langsam eine gesundheitssch?dliche Kontamination der Luft ein.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. Verschlucken der Flüssigkeit kann zur Aufnahme in der Lunge führen; Gefahr der Aspirationspneumonie. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem. Exposition oberhalb der Arbeitsplatzgrenzwerte kann Bewusstseinstrübung verursachen.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
M?glicherweise krebserzeugend für den Menschen. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf die Nieren und die Leber mit nachfolgenden Funktionsst?rungen. Wiederholter Hautkontakt kann trockene und brüchige Haut verursachen.
LECKAGE
Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzger?t mit Filter für organische Gase und Partikel entsprechend der Arbeitsplatzkonzentration des Stoffes. Belüftung. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abgedeckten Beh?ltern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R12:Hochentzündlich.
R19:Kann explosionsf?hige Peroxide bilden.
R22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Verschlucken.
R66:Wiederholter Kontakt kann zu spr?der oder rissiger Haut führen.
R67:D?mpfe k?nnen Schl?frigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
R20:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Einatmen.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R48/20/22:Gesundheitssch?dlich: Gefahr ernster Gesundheitssch?den bei l?ngerer Exposition durch Einatmen und durch Verschlucken.
R40:Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung.
R38:Reizt die Haut.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R46:Kann vererbbare Sch?den verursachen.
R45:Kann Krebs erzeugen.
R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R23/25:Giftig beim Einatmen und Verschlucken.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S9:Beh?lter an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S29:Nicht in die Kanalisation gelangen lassen.
S33:Ma?nahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladungen treffen.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S7:Beh?lter dicht geschlossen halten.
S24:Berührung mit der Haut vermeiden.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Ethylbenzene is a colorless liquid. Pungent
aromatic odor. The Odor Threshold is 0.0920.60 ppm
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, gasoline-like odor. At 40 °C, the average odor threshold
concentration and the lowest concentration at which an odor was detected were 550 and 150 μg/L,
respectively. Similarly, at 25 °C, the average taste threshold concentration and the lowest
concentration at which a taste was detected were 780 and 390 μg/L, respectively (Young et al.,
1996). The average least detectable odor threshold concentrations in water at 60 °C and in air at 40
°C were 2.4 and 72 μg/L, respectively (Alexander et al., 1982). Cometto-Mu?iz and Cain (1994)
reported an average nasal pungency threshold concentration of 10,100 ppm
v.
Occurrence
Has apparently not been reported to occur in nature.
Verwenden
Anesthetic.
Ethylbenzene is almost exclusively (> 99%) used as an intermediate for the production of styrene monomer. Less than 1 % of the ethylbenzene produced is used as a paint solvent or as an intermediate for the production of diethylbenzene and acetophenone (IARC 2000).
Ethylbenzene is a constituent (15-20%) of commercial xylene (“mixed xylenes”), and hence used as a component of solvents, as a diluent in paints and lacquers, and as a solvent in the rubber and chemical manufacturing industries (WHO 1996).
Ethylbenzene has been added to motor and aviation fuels because of its anti-knock properties. Estimates of ethylbenzene in gasoline have ranged from <1-2.7%. (IARC 2000).
synthetische
By Friedel-Crafts reaction on benzene, ethylbromide and aluminium chloride (Arc tander, 1969).
Ethylbenzene is manufactured by alkylation from benzene and ethylene.
Vorbereitung Methode
Ethylbenzene is produced by alkylation of benzene with ethylene, except for a very small fraction that is recovered from mixed C8 aromatics by superfractionation. The reaction takes place on acidic catalysts and can be carried out either in the liquid or vapor phase.
Definition
ethylbenzene: A colourless flammableliquid, C
6H
5C
2H
5; r.d. 0.867;m.p. –95°C; b.p. 136°C. It is madefrom ethene and ethybenzene by aFriedel–Crafts reaction and is usedin making phenylethene (for polystyrene).
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A clear colorless liquid. Flash point 59°F. Less dense than water (at 7.2 lb / gal) and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a solvent and to make other chemicals.
Sweet. but somewhat "gassy" odor. If at
all reminiscent of any natural material, it
would be a Hyacinth-type of gassy sweetness.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Ethylenzene can react vigorously with strong oxidizing materials .
Hazard
Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin
absorption; irritant to skin and eyes. Flammable,
dangerous fire risk. Possible carcinogen.
Health Hazard
The acute toxicity of Ethylbenzene is low.At high concentrations its exposure producesnarcotic effects similar to benzene andtoluene. A 4-hour exposure to a concentrationof 4000 ppm proved fatal to rats. The lethaldose varies with species. Deaths resulted fromintense congestion and edema of the lungs.
Other than the narcotic effects, Ethylbenzeneexhibits irritant properties that are somewhatgreater than those of benzene or toluene.It is an irritant to the skin, eyes, and nose.Repeated contact with the liquid may causereddening of the skin and blistering. Thevapors at 200 ppm may cause mild irritationof the eyes in humans, which may becomesevere and lacrimating at 2000–3000 ppm.
The oral toxicity in animals was foundto be low to very low. An LD50 value of3500 mg/kg for rats has been documented(NIOSH 1986). No adverse effects werenoted in animals subjected to chronic inhalationexposure at below 400 ppm. At higherdosages only the liver was affected (ACGIH1986). Ethylbenzene is eliminated from thebody by metabolic excretion. The urinarymetabolites in humans are mainly mandelicacid, C6H5CH(OH)COOH, and benzoylformicacid, C6H5COCOOH.
Chemische Reaktivit?t
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Sicherheitsprofil
Moderately toxic by
ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly
toxic by inhalation and skin contact. An
experimental teratogen. Other experimental
reproductive effects. Human systemic
effects by inhalation: eye, sleep, and
pulmonary changes. An eye and skin irritant.
Human mutation data reported. The liquid
is an irritant to the skin and mucous
membranes. A concentration of 0.1% of the
vapor in air is an irritant to human eyes, and
a concentration of 0.2% is extremely
irritating at first, then causes dizziness,
irritation of the nose and throat, and a sense
of constriction in the chest. Exposure of
guinea pigs to 1% concentration has been
reported as causing ataxia, loss of
consciousness, tremor of the extremities,
and finally death through respiratory failure.
The pathological findings were congestion
of the brain and lungs with edema. A very dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can
react vigorously with oxidizing materials. To
fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical.
Emitted from modern budding materials
(CENEAR 69,22,91). When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
m?gliche Exposition
Ethylbenzene is used in styrene manufacture and in synthesis of p-nitroacetophenone; in the
manufacture of cellulose acetate, and synthetic rubber. It is
also used as a solvent or diluent; and as a component of
automotive and aviation gasoline. Significant quantities of
EB are present in mixed xylenes. These are used as dilatants in the paint industry, in agricultural sprays for insecticides and in gasoline blends (which may contain as much
as 20% EB). In light of the large quantities of EB produced
and the diversity of products in which it is found, there
may exist environmental sources for ethylbenzene, e.g.,
vaporization during solvent use; pyrolysis of gasoline and
emitted vapors at filling stations. Groups of individuals
who are exposed to EB to the greatest extent and could represent potential pools for the expression of EB toxicity
include: (1) individuals in commercial situations where
petroleum products or by-products are manufactured e.g.,
rubber or plastics industry); (2) individuals residing in areas
with high atmospheric smog generated by motor vehicle
emissions
Stoffwechsel
The main oxidation of ethyl benzene occurs at the activated α-methylene group to yield methylphenylcarbinol which is also the precursor of hippuric and mandelic acids. Both optical isomers of methylphenylcarbinol are formed, probably in equal amounts, and these have been isolated from the urine of rabbits as the corresponding glucuronides. The two optical forms of mandelic acid have also been found (Williams, 1959).
Versand/Shipping
UN1175 Ethylbenzene, Hazard Class: 3; Labels:
3-Flammable liquid
Inkompatibilit?ten
Vapors may form explosive mixture with
air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep
away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids,oxoacids, and epoxides. Attacks plastics and rubber. May
accumulate static electrical charges, and may cause ignition
of its vapors.
Waste disposal
Dissolve or mix the material
with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator
equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state,
and local environmental regulations must be observed
Ethylbenzol Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
