| Identification | More | [Name]
Ammonium persulfate | [CAS]
7727-54-0 | [Synonyms]
AMMONIUM PEROXODISULFATE
AMMONIUM PEROXODISULPHATE
AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULFATE
AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULPHATE
AMMONIUM PERSULFATE
AMMONIUM PERSULFATE, POUCHES
AMMONIUM PERSULPHATE
AP
APS
PER
PEROXIDISULFURIC ACID
diammoniumperoxydisulfate
diammoniumperoxydisulphate
diammoniumpersulfate
diammoniumproxydisulfate
diammoniumproxydisulphate
peroxydisulfuricacid([(ho)s(o)2]2o2),diammoniumsalt
Peroxydisulfuricacid,diammoniumsalt
peroxydisulphuricacid,diammoniumsalt
persulfated’ammonium | [EINECS(EC#)]
231-786-5 | [Molecular Formula]
H8N2O8S2 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00003390 | [Molecular Weight]
228.2 | [MOL File]
7727-54-0.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
Ammonium persulfate is a colorless or white
crystalline solid. | [Melting point ]
120 °C
| [density ]
1.98
| [vapor density ]
7.9 (vs air)
| [vapor pressure ]
0Pa at 25℃ | [refractive index ]
1.50 | [storage temp. ]
Store at RT. | [solubility ]
H2O: soluble
| [form ]
powder
| [color ]
White to yellow | [Specific Gravity]
1.982 | [Odor]
Odorless | [PH]
1.0-2.5 (25℃, 1M in H2O) | [PH Range]
1 - 2 | [Stability:]
Stable. Oxidizing. May ignite combustible material. Incompatible with bases, combustible material, hydrogen peroxide, peroxy compounds, silver compounds, zinc. May decompose upon exposure to water or moist air. | [Water Solubility ]
582 g/L (20 ºC) decomposes | [Sensitive ]
Moisture Sensitive | [Merck ]
14,541 | [Exposure limits]
ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3 | [Contact allergens]
Persulfates are strong oxidizing agents widely used in the
production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane,
rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents, and
hair bleaches. Ammonium persulfate is used as a hair
bleaching agent. It may induce irritant dermatitis, (mainly)
nonimmunologic contact urticaria, and allergic contact
dermatitis and represents a major allergen in hairdressers.
People reacting to ammonium persulfate also react to
other persulfates such as potassium persulfate. | [InChIKey]
ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N | [LogP]
-1 at 20℃ | [Uses]
Ammonium Persulfate is a bleaching agent for food starch that is
used up to 0.075% and with sulfur dioxide up to 0.05%. | [CAS DataBase Reference]
7727-54-0(CAS DataBase Reference) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
7727-54-0(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
O,Xn | [Risk Statements ]
R8:Contact with combustible material may cause fire.
R22:Harmful if swallowed.
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin .
R42/43:May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact . | [Safety Statements ]
S22:Do not breathe dust .
S24:Avoid contact with skin .
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S37:Wear suitable gloves . | [RIDADR ]
UN 1444 5.1/PG 3
| [WGK Germany ]
1
| [RTECS ]
SE0350000
| [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
5.1 | [PackingGroup ]
III | [HS Code ]
28334000 | [Safety Profile]
Poison by intravenous
and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic
by ingestion. A powerful oxidizer that can
react vigorously with reducing agents.
Releases oxygen when heated. Mxtures with
sodium peroxide are explosives sensitive to
friction, heating above 75℃, or contact with
CO2 or water. Mixtures with (powdered
aluminum + water) or (zinc + ammonia) are
explosive. Violent reaction with iron or
solutions of ammonia + silver salts. Solution
with sulfuric acid is a strong oxidzing
cleaning solution. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SO,,
NH3, and NOx. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
7727-54-0(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LD50 orally in rats: 820 mg/kg (Smyth) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [General Description]
A white crystalline solid. A strong oxidizing agent. Does not burn readily, but may cause spontaneous ignition of organic materials. Used as a bleaching agent and as a food preservative. | [Reactivity Profile]
AMMONIUM PERSULFATE(7727-54-0) is a potent oxidizing agent. A powdered mixture with aluminum and water can explode [NFPA 491M 1991]. A mixture with sodium peroxide will explode if subjected to friction (crushing in a mortar), heating, or if a stream of carbon dioxide is passed over AMMONIUM PERSULFATE(7727-54-0) [Mellor 10:464 1946-47]. Acidic solutions dissolve iron violently, [Mellor, 1947, Vol. 10, 470]. | [Air & Water Reactions]
Soluble in water. | [Hazard]
Fire risk in contact with reducers.
| [Health Hazard]
Inhalation produces slight toxic effects. Contact with dust irritates eyes and causes skin rash. | [Potential Exposure]
It is used as a bleaching agent, in photographic
chemicals, and to make dyes. It is also used as an
ingredient of polymerization catalysts. | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If
this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin
rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation
mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart
action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention.
Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do
not make an unconscious person vomit. Medical observation
is recommended; effects may be delayed. | [Shipping]
UN1444 Ammonium persulfate, Hazard Class:
5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer | [Incompatibilities]
Decomposes in water and moist air,
forming oxygen gas. A strong oxidizer; reacts with reducing
agents; organic and combustible materials. Incompatible with heat, sodium peroxide (produces a friction-, heat-, and
water-sensitive explosive); aluminum powder. | [Description]
Persulfates are strong oxidizing agents widely used in
the production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane,
rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents
and hair bleaches. Ammonium persulfate is used
as a hair bleaching agent. It may induce irritant
dermatitis, contact urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis
and represents a major allergen in hairdressers.
| [Waste Disposal]
May be treated with large
volumes of water, neutralized and flushed to sewer. This
applies to small quantities only. | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Nonflammable | [Purification Methods]
Recrystallise it at room temperature from EtOH/water. It gradually loses NH3 on exposure to air. Its solubility is 0.5g/mL at 20o, and 2g/mL at 100o. |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [Outline]
Ammonium persulfate is white, odorless single crystal, the formula is (NH4) 2S2O8, it has strong oxidation and corrosion, when heated, it decomposes easily, moisture absorption is not easy, it is soluble in water, the solubility increases in warm water, it can hydrolyze into ammonium hydrogen sulfate and hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution. The dry product has good stability, storage is easy, and it has the advantage of convenience and safety and so on. When heated to 120 °C, it can decompose, it is easily damped and it can cake in moist air. It is mainly used as an oxidizing agent and the preparation of hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate and other persulfate. It can be used as free initiator of polymerization reaction, particularly vinyl chloride emulsion polymerization of polymerizable compound and redox polymerization. It can be used as bleaching agent in grease, soap industry. It can be used to prepare aniline dyes and dye oxidation and electroplating industry, photographic industry and chemical analysis. For food-grade, it can be used as modifier of wheat, brewer's yeast mildew. It can be used as metal etchant, circuit board cleaning and etching, copper and aluminum surface activation, modified starch, pulp and textile bleaching at low temperature and desizing, circulating water purification treatment systems, oxidative degradation of harmful gases, low formaldehyde adhesive stick bound to accelerate, disinfectants, hair dye decolorization.
Ammonium persulfate is non-flammable, but it can release of oxygen, so it has the role of combustion-supporting, storage environment must be dry and clean, and well-ventilated. People should pay attention to moisture and rain, it should not be transported in rain. Keep away from fire, heat and direct sunlight. It should keep sealed packaging, clear and intact labels. It should be stored separately with flammable or combustible materials, organic compounds, as well as rust, a small amount of metal, and other reducing substances, it should avoid be mixed to prevent the decomposition of ammonium persulfate and cause explosion.
| [Chemical properties]
It is colorless monoclinic crystal or white crystalline powder. It is soluble in water, the solubility is 58.2g/100ml water at 0℃.
| [Uses]
It can be used as analytical reagents, photographic fixing agent and reducing agent.
It can be used as food preservative, oxidizing agent and initiator of high-molecular polymer.
It can be used as raw material of producting persulfate and hydrogen peroxide in chemical industry, inhibitor of polymerization organic polymer, initiator of during the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer. It can be used as bleaching agent in grease, soap industry. It can also be used as corrodent in plate metals cutting eclipse and oil extraction in oil industry. For food-grade, it can be used as modifier of wheat, brewer's yeast mildew.
It can be used for flour modifier (Limited ≤0.3g/kg, the Japanese standard, 1999); Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungicide (limit 0.1%, FAO/WHO, 1984).
The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Wang Xiaodong.
| [Production methods]
It can be derived by the electrolysis of ammonium sulfate and dilute sulfuric acid and then crystallized.
Electrolytic process Ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid formulates to form liquid electrolyte, it is decontaminated by electrolysis, HSO4-can discharge and generate peroxydisulfate acidat in the anode, and then reacts with ammonium sulfate to generate ammonium persulfate, ammonium persulfate goes through filtration, crystallization, centrifugal separation, drying to get ammonium persulfate product when the content reaches a certain concentration in the anode.
Anode reaction: 2HSO4--2e → H2S2O8
Cathodic reaction: 2H ++ 2e → H2 ↑
(NH4) 2S2O4 + H2S2O8 → (NH4) 2S2O8 + H2SO4
| [Category]
Oxidant
| [Toxicity grading]
Mid toxicity.
| [Acute oral toxicity]
Rat LD50: 689 mg/kg; intraperitoneal-rat LD50: 226 mg/kg.
| [Explosive hazardous characteristics]
It is strong oxidant, it can explode when mixed with reducing agent, sulfur, phosphorus etc; it can explode when be heated, impacted, and meet fire.
| [Flammability hazard characteristics]
It can decompose of oxygen when high heat; it can generate toxic nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and ammonia fumes when heated.
| [Storage characteristics]
Treasury should have ventilation and low-temperature drying; loading and unloading should be light; it should be stored separately with organic matter, reducing agents, sulfur, phosphorus combustibles.
| [Extinguishing agent]
Mist of water, sand. | [Professional standards]
TWA 2 mg/m3.
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