| Identification | More | [Name]
Ethanethiol | [CAS]
75-08-1 | [Synonyms]
EM(TM) RT
ETHANETHIOL
ETHYL MERCAPTAN
MERCAPTAN C2
THIOETHYL ALCOHOL
1-Mercaptoethane
Aethanethiol
Aethylmercaptan
C2H5SH
Etantiolo
Ethaanthiol
Ethyl hydrosulfide
Ethyl sulfhydrate
Ethyl thioalcohol
ethylhydrosulfide
Ethylmercaphtan
Ethylmercaptaan
Ethylmercaptane
ethylmercaptide
Ethylmerkaptan | [EINECS(EC#)]
200-837-3 | [Molecular Formula]
C2H6S | [MDL Number]
MFCD00004887 | [Molecular Weight]
62.13 | [MOL File]
75-08-1.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
Ethyl mercaptan is a yellowish liquid (or a colorless gas above the BP). Strong, sharp odor of garlic or skunklike odor. | [Melting point ]
-148 °C
| [Boiling point ]
35 °C(lit.)
| [density ]
0.839 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
| [vapor density ]
2.1 (vs air)
| [vapor pressure ]
8.51 psi ( 20 °C)
| [FEMA ]
4258 | [refractive index ]
n20/D 1.4306(lit.)
| [Fp ]
1 °F
| [storage temp. ]
2-8°C | [solubility ]
6.8g/l | [form ]
Liquid | [pka]
10.6(at 25℃) | [color ]
Colorless | [Odor]
Ethanethiol has a strongly disagreeable odor that humans can detect in minute concentrations. The threshold for human detection is as low as one part in 2.8 billion parts of air. Its odor resembles that of leeks, onions or cooked cabbage, but is quite distinct. Ethanethiol is intentionally added to butane and propane (see: LPG) to impart an easily noticed smell to these normally odorless fuels that pose the threat of fire, explosion, and asphyxiation. | [Stability:]
Stable. Extremely flammable-note low flash point. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, strong acids. May form explosive mixtures with air. | [explosive limit]
2.8-18%(V) | [Odor Threshold]
0.0000087ppm | [Water Solubility ]
Soluble in alcohol, ether, waterMiscible with alcohol, petroleum naphtha, acetone, dilute alkali and ether. Slightly miscible with water. | [JECFA Number]
1659 | [Merck ]
14,3726 | [BRN ]
773638 | [Henry's Law Constant]
3.57(x 10-3 atm?m3/mol) at 25 °C (Przyjazny et al., 1983) | [Dielectric constant]
6.9（14℃） | [Exposure limits]
TLV-TWA 0.5 ppm (～1.3 mg/m3 ) (ACGIH
and MSHA); ceiling 10 ppm (OSHA); IDLH
2500 ppm (NIOSH). | [LogP]
1.44 | [Uses]
LPG odorant, adhesive, stabilizer, chemical
intermediate. | [CAS DataBase Reference]
75-08-1(CAS DataBase Reference) | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Ethanethiol(75-08-1) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
75-08-1(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
F,Xn,N,F+ | [Risk Statements ]
R11:Highly Flammable.
R20:Harmful by inhalation.
R50/53:Very Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment .
R51/53:Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment .
R12:Extremely Flammable. | [Safety Statements ]
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition-No smoking .
S25:Avoid contact with eyes .
S60:This material and/or its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste .
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet . | [RIDADR ]
UN 2363 3/PG 1 | [WGK Germany ]
3 | [RTECS ]
KI9625000 | [F ]
13 | [Autoignition Temperature]
570 °F | [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
3 | [PackingGroup ]
I | [HS Code ]
2930 90 98 | [Safety Profile]
Moderately toxic by
ingestion, inhalation, and intraperitoneal
routes. A skin and eye irritant. Inhalation
causes central nervous system effects in
humans. A very dangerous fire hazard when
exposed to heat or flame; can react
vigorously with oxidizing materials. A
moderate explosion hazard when exposed to
spark or flame. Violent reaction with
Ca(OCl)2. Will react with water or steam to
produce toxic and flammable vapors. To
fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical. When
heated to decomposition or on contact with
acid or acid fumes it emits hghly toxic
fumes of SOx. See also MERCAPTANS. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
75-08-1(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LD50 orally in Rabbit: 682 mg/kg | [IDLA]
500 ppm |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [General Description]
A clear colorless low-boiling liquid (boiling point 97°F) with an overpowering, garlic-like/skunk-like odor. Flash point-55°F. Less dense than water and very slightly soluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Vapors may irritate nose and throat. May be toxic if swallowed, by inhalation or by contact. Added to natural gas as an odorant. Used as a stabilizer for adhesives. | [Reactivity Profile]
ETHYL MERCAPTAN(75-08-1) reacts violently with calcium hypochlorite, May react vigorously with other oxidizing reagents. On contact with strong acids or when heated to decomposition ETHYL MERCAPTAN(75-08-1) emits highly toxic fumes of sulfur oxides [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1575]. | [Air & Water Reactions]
Highly flammable. A very dangerous fire hazard. Very slightly soluble in water. | [Hazard]
Toxic by ingestion and inhalation.
Flammable, dangerous fire risk. | [Health Hazard]
Inhalation of vapor causes muscular weakness, convulsions, respiratory paralysis. High concentrations may cause pulmonary irritation. Liquid irritates eyes and skin. Ingestion causes nausea and irritation of mouth and stomach. | [Potential Exposure]
This material is used as a warning
odorant for liquefied petroleum gases. It is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of many pesticides and other
organic chemicals | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately.
If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,
begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical
facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of salt water and induce
vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.
Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours
after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be
delayed. As first aid for pulmonary edema, a doctor or
authorized paramedic may consider administering a drug or
other inhalation therapy | [Shipping]
UN2363 Ethyl mercaptan, Hazard Class: 3;
Labels: 3-Flammable liquid | [Incompatibilities]
May form explosive mixture with air.
Slowly forms peroxides. This material is a weak acid.
Reacts with oxidizers, causing fire and explosion hazard.
Reacts with strong acids evolving toxic and flammable
hydrogen sulfide. May accumulate static electrical charges,
and may cause ignition of its vapors. Attacks some forms
of plastics, coatings and rubber. Aldehydes are frequently
involved in self-condensation or polymerization reactions.
These reactions are exothermic; they are often catalyzed by
acid. Aldehydes are readily oxidized to give carboxylic
acids. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the
combination of aldehydes with azo, diazo compounds,
dithiocarbamates, nitrides, and strong reducing agents.
Aldehydes can react with air to give first peroxo acids, and
ultimately carboxylic acids. These autoxidation reactions
are activated by light, catalyzed by salts of transition
metals, and are autocatalytic (catalyzed by the products of
the reaction). The addition of stabilizers (antioxidants) to
shipments of aldehydes retards autoxidation | [Description]
Ethane thiol, commonly known as ethyl mercaptan, is a colorless gas or clear liquid with a distinct odor. It is an organosulfur compound with the formula CH3CH2SH. Abbreviated EtSH, it consists of an ethyl group (Et), CH3CH2, attached to a thiol group, SH. Its structure parallels that of ethanol, but with S instead of O. The odor of EtSH is infamous. Ethanethiol is more volatile than ethanol due to a diminished ability to engage in hydrogen bonding. Ethanethiol is toxic. It occurs naturally as a minor component of petroleum, and may be added to other wise odorless gaseous products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to help warn of gas leaks. At these concentrations, ethanethiol is not harmful. | [Chemical Properties]
Colorless to yellow liquid; fruity, sulfur aroma.
| [Chemical Properties]
colourless liquid with a penetrating, | [Chemical Properties]
Ethyl mercaptan is a yellowish liquid (or a colorless gas above the BP). Strong, sharp odor of garlic or skunklike odor. | [Waste Disposal]
Incineration (1093℃) followed by scrubbing with a caustic solution | [Physical properties]
Colorless liquid with a strong, disagreeable, skunk-like or rotten egg odor. Extremely flammable
liquid or gas. An experimentally determined odor threshold concentration of 1 ppbv was reported
by Leonardos et al. (1969). Katz and Talbert (1930) reported experimental detection odor
threshold concentrations in the range 0.66–7.6 μg/m3 (0.26 to 3.0 ppbv). | [Application]
Ethanethiol can be used as a reactant for the synthesis of:
Functionalized oxazolidinones by conjugated nucleophilic addition- electrophilic amination reaction.
Ethyl phenyl sulfide by C-S coupling with iodobenzene.
Chain transfer agent in the RAFT polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide.
| [Definition]
ChEBI: Ethanethiol is an alkanethiol that is ethane substituted by a thiol group at position 1. It is added to odorless gaseous products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to provide a garlic scent which helps warn of gas leaks. It has a role as a rodenticide. | [Preparation]
Ethanethiol is prepared by the reaction of ethylene with hydrogen sulfide over a catalyst. The various producers utilize different catalysts in this process. It is also be prepared commercially by the reaction of ethanol with hydrogen sulfide gas over an acidic solid catalyst, such as alumina.
Ethanethiol was originally reported by Zeiss in 1834 . Zeise treated calcium ethyl sulfate with a suspension of barium sulfide saturated with hydrogen sulfide. He is credited with naming the C2H5S- group as mercaptum.
Ethanethiol can also be prepared by a halide displacement reaction, where ethyl halide is reacted with aqueous sodium bisulfide. This conversion was demonstrated as early as 1840 by Henri Victor Regnault. | [Production Methods]
Ethyl mercaptan is prepared by distilling ethyl potassium sulfate with potassium hydrogen sulfide. Additional mercaptans can be prepared in a similar manner with the corresponding proper ingredients. | [Reactions]
Ethane thiol is a valued reagent in organic synthesis. In the presence of sodium hydroxide, it gives the powerful nucleophile SEt-. The salt can be generated quantitatively by reaction with sodium hydride.
Ethane thiol can be oxidized to ethyl sulfonic acid, using bleach and related strong aqueous oxidants. Weaker oxidants, such as ferric oxide give the disulfide, diethyl disulfide :
2 EtSH + H2O2 → EtS-SEt + 2 H2O
Like other thiols, it behaves comparably to hydrogen sulfide. For example, it binds, concomitant with deprotonation to "soft" transition metal cations, such as Hg2+, Cu+, and Ni2+ to give polymeric thiolato complexes, Hg(SEt)2, CuSEt, and Ni(SEt)2, respectively. | [Aroma threshold values]
High strength odor, sulfurous fruity type; recommend smelling in a 0.01% solution or less. | [Chemical Reactivity]
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent. | [Environmental Fate]
Biological. Ethyl mercaptan did not degrade in anaerobic sediments and sludges nor in
anaerobic freshwater conditions (van Leerdam et al., 2006).
Photolytic. A second-order rate constant of 1.21 x 10-12 cm3/molecule?sec was reported for the
reaction of ethyl mercaptan and NO3 radicals in the atmosphere at 297 K (Atkinson, 1991).
Chemical/Physical. In the presence of nitric oxide, ethyl mercaptan reacted with OH radicals
forming ethyl thionitrite. The rate constant for this reaction is 2.7 x 10-11 at 20 °C (MacLeod et al.,
1984). | [Purification Methods]
Dissolve the thiol in aqueous 20% NaOH, extract it with a small amount of *benzene and then steam distil until clear. After cooling, the alkaline solution is acidified slightly with 15% H2SO4 and the thiol is distilled off, dried with CaSO4, CaCl2 or 4A molecular sieves, and fractionally distilled under nitrogen [Ellis & Reid J Am Chem Soc 54 1674 1932]. It has a foul odour. [Beilstein 1 IV 1390.] |
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