| Identification | More | [Name]
MERCURY | [CAS]
7439-97-6 | [Synonyms]
Hg
Kwik
Rtec
MERCURY
NA 2809
Mercure
Mercurio
Mercuruy
Blue mass
Blue pill
NCI-C60399
Mercury:9N
Quecksilber
STANDARD HG
QUICKSILVER
MERCURYDUST
Hg solution
Hydrargyrum
HG STANDARD
Mercury mass
liquidsilver
MERCURYVAPOR
Mercury, ACS
mercury atom
High mercury
MERCURYVAPOUR
MERCURYLIQUID
METAL MERCURY
MERCURY METAL
Liquid silver
MERCURY 99.99%
MERCURYAMALGAM
MERCURYAMALGAMS
metallicmercury
mercure(french)
colloidalmercury
elementalmercury
MERCURY, NATURAL
MERCURY STANDARD
Mercury, 99.999%
mercury,metallic
Metallic mercury
Mercury(Metal)Gr
MERCURY,PURIFIED
Mercury solution
Mercuruy Standard
Colloidal mercury
Mercury USP/EP/BP
Mercuryredistilled
MERCURY EXTRA PURE
Mercury(Metal)Pure
MERCURY AA STANDARD
rcrawastenumberu151
MERCURY, 99.999999%
mercury (elemental)
MERCURY SOLID PELLET
MERCURY ICP STANDARD
MERCURY VKI STANDARD
MERCURY REAGENT (ACS)
Mercury(99.9994%)(ACS)
Rcra waste number U151
UREA INDOL BROTH 20X2ML
MERCURY ICP/MS STANDARD
Mercury (99.999%) (ACS)
MERCURY EXTRA PURE 1 KG
MERCURY ICP/DCP STANDARD
MERCURY EXTRA PURE 250 G
HAFNIUM 1,000PPM FOR ICP
HOLMIUM 1,000PPM FOR ICP
TCLP STANDARD SOLUTION 2
Mercury, Electronic Grade
MERCURY STANDARD SOLUTION
MERCURY LIQUID 99.999999%
Mercury solution 1000 ppm
Quick silver Liquid silver
Mercury solution 10 000 ppm
MERCURY REDISTILLED 99.999%
Mercury, Triple Distilled
Mercury, redistilled, 99.9+%
Mercury, redistilled, 99.99%
Mercury,redistilled(99.998%)
MERCURY R. G., REAG. PH. EUR.
Mercury, 99.99+% metals basis
MERCURY 99.9999 SUPRAPUR 1 KG
MERCURY 99.9999 SUPRAPUR 250 G
MERCURY, , ANALYTICAL STANDARD
MERCURY, AAS STANDARD SOLUTION
MERCURY NIST STANDARD SOLUTION
Mercury, Redistilled, Purified
MERCURY SINGLE ELEMENT STANDARD
RED MERCURY IN LIQUID FORM ONLY
Mercury, as Hg, alkyl compounds
Mercury - Elemental, as Hg vapor
MERCURY METALLO-ORGANIC STANDARD
MERCURY PLASMA EMISSION STANDARD
MERCURY, PLASMA STANDARD SOLUTION
MERCURY 99.9995% A.C.S. REAGENT
Mercury Quicksilver Hydrargyrum
Mercury, metal, extra pure, washed
Mercury, Triple Distilled, Reagent
MERCURY AA SINGLE ELEMENT STANDARD
MERCURY ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD
Mercury, Electronic Grade 99.9998%
MERCURY, 99.9999%, ELECTRONIC GRADE
MERCURY,TRIPLEDISTILLED,REAGENT,ACS
Mercury metal 99.99+ % for analysis
Mercury AA Standard,1000 ppm in HNO3
MERCURY ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY STANDARD
MERCURY, OIL BASED STANDARD SOLUTION
Mercury, ACS, 99.999% (metals basis)
TCLP Standard Solution 2, Hg 20μg/mL
MERCURY, 5N4, REAGENT: 99.9994% (ACS)
MERCURY FOR ANALYSIS AND FOR POLAROGR
Mercury, (trace metal basis), 99.999%
Mercury, 99.999%, (trace Metal basis)
MERCURY SINGLE ELEMENT PLASMA STANDARD
MERCURY METAL EXTRA PURE WASHED 99.6+%
MERCURY ICP STANDARD TRACEABLE TO SRM FR
MERCURY STANDARD SOLUTION TRACEABLE TO S
MERCURY AA/ICP CALIBRATION/CHECK STANDARD
MERCURY ICP STANDARD SOLUTION, 1000 UG/ML
MERCURY INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION STANDARD 3
MERCURY ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION
Prime Virgin Silver liquid Mercury of 99.99%
Mercury, redistilled, 99.998% (Metals basis)
Mercury aryl and inorganic compounds (as Hg)
Mercury, AAS standard solution, Hg 1000μg/mL
Mercury, plasma standard solution, Hg 10μg/mL
Mercury, as Hg, vapor, all forms except alkyl
MERCURY PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY STANDARD
MERCURY AAS STANDARD SOLUTION, 1000PPM IN HCL
Mercury, metal, tridistilled, for polarography
Mercury, Puratronic, 99.999995% (metals basis)
MERCURY AAS STANDARD SOLUTION, 1000PPM IN HNO3
Mercury PriMe Virgin 100,00% Min., 99,999% Min.
Mercury plasma standard solution, Hg 10000μg/mL
MERCURY, ELECTRONIC GRADE, 99.9999% METALS BASIS
Mercury, Reference Standard Solution, 1000ppm ±1%
TCLP Standard Solution 2, Specpure(R), Hg 20μg/ml
MERCURY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SINGLE ELEMENT STANDARD
Mercury, Puratronic(R), 99.999995% (metals basis)
Mercury, Oil based standard solution, Hg 1000μg/g
Mercury standard solution, 1 mg/ml Hg in 10% HNO3
Standard solution for the determination of mercury
Mercury, Electronic Grade, 99.9998% (metals basis)
MERCURY GR ACS 99.9994% (METALS BASIS) POLAROGRAPHY
Mercury, plasma standard solution, Specpure, Hg 10g/ml
Mercury, AAS standard solution, Specpure(R), Hg 1000μg/ml
Mercury, plasma standard solution, Specpure(R), Hg 1000μg/ml
Mercury, plasma standard solution, Specpure(R), Hg 10,000μg/ml
Mercury, Oil based standard solution, Specpure(R), Hg 1000μg/g
Mercury, as Hg, aryl & inorganic compounds, all forms excpt alkyl
MERCURY, REAGENT (ACS)MERCURY, REAGENT (ACS)MERCURY, REAGENT (ACS)
Mercury, certified metal standard solution for atomic spectrometry | [EINECS(EC#)]
231-106-7 | [Molecular Formula]
Hg | [MDL Number]
MFCD00011035 | [Molecular Weight]
200.59 | [MOL File]
7439-97-6.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Definition]
Metallic element of atomic
number 80, group IIB of the periodic table, aw
200.59, valences = 1,2; 4 stable isotopes and 12
artificially radioactive isotopes. | [Appearance]
Silvery, extremely heavy liquid, sometimes found native.
Insoluble in hydrochloric acid; soluble in sulfuric acid upon boiling; readily soluble in nitric
acid; insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether; soluble in lipids;, extremely high surface tension (48 | [Melting point ]
-38.9 °C | [Boiling point ]
356.6 °C(lit.)
| [density ]
13.54
| [vapor density ]
7 (vs air)
| [vapor pressure ]
<0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
| [storage temp. ]
Poison room | [solubility ]
H2O: soluble
| [form ]
Triple Distilled Liquid | [color ]
passes test | [Specific Gravity]
13.5 (20/4℃) | [Odor]
Odorless | [Stability:]
Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, sodium thiosulfate, ammonium hydroxide. | [Resistivity]
95.8 μΩ-cm, 20°C | [Water Solubility ]
20–30μg/L in H2O; soluble in boiling H2SO4, HNO3 [KIR81] [HAW93] | [Merck ]
13,5925 | [Dielectric constant]
1.0（148℃） | [Exposure limits]
TLV-TWA 0.05 mg/m3 for Hg vapor, and
0.10 mg/m3, as Hg for alkyl mercury
and inorganic compounds (ACGIH); ceiling
0.1 mg/m3 (OSHA); IDLH 28 mg/m3
(NIOSH). | [InChIKey]
QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N | [Uses]
Amalgams, catalyst, electrical apparatus, cathodes for production of chlorine and caustic soda,
instruments (thermometers, barometers, etc.), mercury vapor lamps, extractive metallurgy, mirror
coating, arc lamps, boilers, coolant, and neutron
absorber in nuclear power plants. | [CAS DataBase Reference]
7439-97-6(CAS DataBase Reference) | [IARC]
3 (Vol. 58) 1993 | [EPA Substance Registry System]
Mercury (7439-97-6) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
Mercury is a silvery, mobile, odorless liquid | [Chemical Properties]
Silvery, extremely heavy liquid, sometimes found native.
Insoluble in hydrochloric acid; soluble in sulfuric acid upon boiling; readily soluble in nitric
acid; insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether; soluble in lipids;, extremely high surface tension (48 | [General Description]
An odorless, silvery metallic liquid. Insoluble in water. Toxic by ingestion, absorption and inhalation of the fumes. Corrosive to aluminum. Used as a catalyst in instruments, boilers, mirror coatings. | [Reactivity Profile]
MERCURY(7439-97-6) forms an explosive acelylide when mixed with acetylene. Can form explosive compounds with ammonia (a residue resulting from such a reaction exploded when an attempt was made to clean MERCURY(7439-97-6) off a steel rod [Chem. Eng. News 25:2138. 1947]. Chlorine dioxide (also other oxidants, such as: chlorine, bromine, nitric acid, performic acid), and MERCURY(7439-97-6) explode when mixed [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:381. 1956]. Methyl azide in the presence of MERCURY(7439-97-6) is potentially explosive [Can. J. Chem. 41:1048. 1963]. Ground mixtures of sodium carbide and MERCURY(7439-97-6) can react vigorously [Mellor 5:848. 1946-47]. Ammonia forms explosive compounds with gold, MERCURY(7439-97-6), or silver. (Eggeman, Tim. mmonia Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2001.). | [Air & Water Reactions]
Insoluble in water. | [Hazard]
Central nervous system impairment,
peripheral nervous system impairment, and kidney damage. (1) Mercury, metallic: Highly toxic
by skin absorption and inhalation of fume or vapor,
absorbed by respiratory and intestinal tract. FDA
permits zero addition to | [Health Hazard]
No immediate symptoms. As poisoning becomes established, slight muscular tremor, loss of appetite, nausea, and diarrhea are observed. Psychic, kidney, and cardiovascular disturbances may occur. | [Potential Exposure]
Mercury is used as a catalyst, in dental
applications; and in pharmaceuticals; as a liquid cathode in
cells for the electrolytic production of caustic and chlorine.
It is used in electrical apparatus (lamps, rectifiers, and batteries) and in control instruments (switches, thermometers,
and barometers) | [Fire Hazard]
Behavior in Fire: Not flammable | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If
this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin
rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including
resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart
action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and do induce vomiting.
Do not make an unconscious person vomit.
Antidotes and Special Procedures for medical personnel:
The drug NAP has been used to treat mercury poisoning,
with mixed success | [Shipping]
UN2809 Mercury, Hazard class: 8; Labels:
8-Corrosive material, 6.1-Poisonous material | [Incompatibilities]
Heating mercury causes the formation of
toxic mercury oxide fumes. Reacts violently with alkali
metals; acetylene, azides, ammonia gas; chlorine, chlorine
dioxide; many acids; most metals; ground mixtures of
sodium carbide, and ethylene oxide. Contact with methyl
azide forms shock- and spark-sensitive explosives. Attacks
copper and many other metals, forming amalgams | [Description]
Elemental mercury, a silver-white metal, is also known
‘quicksilver’ or ‘hydrargyrum.’ Mercury has been discovered in
Egyptian tombs dating as far back as 1500 BC. The chemical
symbol, Hg, is derived from the Greek word hydrargyros,
meaning ‘water silver.’ Mercury was known in antiquity and
used by alchemists. Its neurological effects were recognized
early, and its use in the hat-making trade gave rise to the phrase
‘mad as a hatter.’ Mercury has been used commercially and
medically for centuries. In the past it was a common constituent
of many medications, for example, it was used in the
treatment of syphilis. Use of mercury has been drastically
reduced in recent years. Within the twentieth century, mercury
used to be in every physician’s or pharmacist’s armamentarium,
for example, calomel was commonly used in infant
teething powders in the 1930s and 1940s. | [Waste Disposal]
Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
Accumulate for purification and re-use if possible. Mercury
vapors may be adsorbed or treated with sulfide solutions
and then sent to mercury recovery operations | [Purification Methods]
After air has been bubbled through mercury for several hours to oxidise metallic impurities, it is filtered to remove coarser particles of oxide and dirt, then sprayed through a 4-ft column containing 10% HNO3. It is washed with distilled water, dried with filter paper and distilled under vacuum. [Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p8 1963.] | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Mercury is not combustible. | [Carcinogenicity]
There is no conclusive evidence from epidemiological
studies that mercury increases
cancer risk in humans.12 In the few studies in
which increases have been reported, concomitant
exposure to other known carcinogens has
confounded the results. The IARC has determined
that there is inadequate evidence in
humans for the carcinogenicity of mercury and
mercury compounds.12 In animals there is inadequate
evidence for carcinogenicity of metallic
mercury and limited evidence for the carcinogenicity
of mercuric chloride. | [Environmental Fate]
Mercury cycles through various environmental phases by exchange from ground to air and back again. Metallic and dimethylmercury, which are volatile, will be released as mercury vapor that can travel long distances before being redeposited. When found in surface waters and soils it will degas into the surrounding air where natural currents and winds spread the materials until they are deposited back on the surface waters and soils. The majority of mercury returned to the soil or water is by wet partition and accounts for almost all of the mercury found in lakes with no other input source. Inert mercury will deposit bound to particulates in aerosols. Once deposited, mercury must adsorb to soil or sediment particulates or be returned to the atmosphere. This cycle continues with a portion of the mercury revolatilizing into the atmosphere in each cycle. | [storage]
Precautions should be taken to prevent spills of mercury because
drops of the liquid metal can easily become lodged in floor cracks, behind cabinets, and
equipment, etc., with the result that the mercury vapor concentration in the laboratory may
then exceed the safe and allowable limits. Containers of mercury should be kept tightly sealed
and stored in secondary containers (such as a plastic pan or tray) in a well-ventilated area.
When breakage of instruments or apparatus containing significant quantities of Hg is possible,
the equipment should be placed in a plastic tray or pan that is large enough to contain the
mercury in the event of an accident. Transfers of mercury between containers should be
carried out in a fume hood over a tray or pan to confine any spills. | [Toxicity evaluation]
Mercury has a great affinity for sulfhydryl moieties and, hence,
binds and inactivates a variety of enzymes. Methylmercury also
initiates lipid peroxidation, which can produce alterations in
cell membranes. Mercury damages the microtubules in the
brain by reacting with the protein tubulin. |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
T,N,Xn,C | [Risk Statements ]
R25:Toxic if swallowed.
R48/21/22:Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R51/53:Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment .
R50/53:Very Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment .
R33:Danger of cumulative effects.
R23:Toxic by inhalation.
R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R34:Causes burns.
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin .
R23/24/25:Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed . | [Safety Statements ]
S7:Keep container tightly closed .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S60:This material and/or its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste .
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet .
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing .
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection .
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves . | [RIDADR ]
UN 3289 6.1/PG 2
| [WGK Germany ]
3
| [RTECS ]
OV4550000
| [F ]
10 | [TSCA ]
Yes | [HS Code ]
2805 40 90 | [HazardClass ]
8 | [PackingGroup ]
III | [Safety Profile]
Poison by inhalation.
Human systemic effects by inhalation:
wakefulness, muscle weakness, anorexia,
headache, tinnitus, hypermotihty, darrhea,
liver changes, dermatitis, fever. An
experimental teratogen. Experimental
reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic
data. Human mutation data reported. Used
in dental applications, electronics, and
chemical synthesis.
bromopropyne, alkynes + silver perchlorate,
ethylene oxide, lithium, methylsilane +
oxygen (explodes when shaken), peroxyformic acid, chlorine dioxide, tetracarbonylnickel + oxygen. May react with ammonia to
form an explosive product. Mixtures with
methyl azide are shockand spark-sensitive
explosives. The vapor iptes on contact
with boron diiodophosphide. Reacts
violently with acetylenic compounds (e.g.,
acetylene, sodmm acetylide, 2-butyne-l,4
do1 + acid), metals (e.g., aluminum, calcium,
potassium, sodium, rubidium, exothermic
formation of amalgams), Cl2, ClO2, CH3N3,
NazCz, nitromethane. Incompatible with
methyl azide, oxidants. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Hg.
See also MERCURY COMPOUNDS. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
7439-97-6(Hazardous Substances Data) | [IDLA]
10 mg Hg/m3 |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid metal at room temperature. Occurring naturally as mercuric sulfide (in cinnabar ore) because of its low boiling point can be isolated readily from the ore and condensing the resulting vapor to form a metal that is 99.9% pure. Solid mercury is ductile and very malleable and is soft enough to cut with a knife. A poor conductor of heat, mercury can conduct electricity but behaves much like a noble gas. It does not react with most acids but can react with very strong acids and dissolves readily to form amalgams with many metals, including gold, zinc, and aluminum.
| [History]
Although mercury is known from early times and was used by alchemists, its first modern scientific applications date back to 1643 when Torricelli used it in the barometer to measure pressure and about eight decades later Fahrenheit used it in the thermometer to measure temperature. Before this, mercury’s use was confined to decorative work, gold extraction and medicines. The element was named after the planet mercury and its symbol Hg is taken from the Latin word hydrargyrum, which means liquid silver.
The element does not occur in nature in native form. Its principal mineral is cinnabar, the red mercuric sulfide, HgS. Black mercuric sulfide, metacinnabar, also is found in nature. Other ores are livingstonite, HgSb4S7; coloradite, HgTe; tiemannite, HgSe; and calomel, HgCl. Its concentration in the earth’s crust is estimated to be 0.08 mg/kg. The average concentration in sea water is about 0.03 µg/L.
| [Uses]
Some of the most important uses of mercury are in the electrical and electrolytic applications. A broad range of such applications include mercury batteries and cells in portable radios, microphones, cameras, hearing aids, watches, smoke alarms, and wiring and switching devices. Other notable applications are in mercury vapor lamps, fluorescent tubes and electrical discharge tubes. Mercury electrodes are widely used in electrolytic cells. Mercury cathodes are employed in the electrolysis of sodium chloride to produce caustic soda and chlorine. Another major use, as mentioned earlier, is in thermometers, manometers, barometers and other pressure-sensing devices. Mercury also is used as a catalyst in making urethane foams and vinyl chloride monomers. Mercury and its compounds long have been used as fungicides in paints and in agriculture. Mercury compounds are used in medicines, pigments and analytical reagents.
In mercury arc lamps producing ultraviolet rays; in mercury boilers; manufacture of all mercury salts, mirrors; as catalyst in oxidation of organic Compounds; extracting gold and silver from ores; making amalgams, electric rectifiers, mercury fulminate; also in dentistry; in determining N by Kjeldahl method, for Millon's reagent; as cathode in electrolysis, electroanalysis, and many other uses. Also in pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, anti-fouling paints.
| [Production Methods]
Mercury mostly is obtained from its sulfide ore, cinnabar. The process involves roasting cinnabar in a furnace between 600 to 700°C. Mercury vapors are cooled and condensed into metal:
HgS + O2 → Hg + SO2
Mercury may also be extracted from cinnabar by reduction of the ore with lime at elevated temperature:
4HgS + 4CaO → 4Hg + 3CaS + CaSO4
Smaller quantities of metal are recovered from mercury-containing industrial and municipal wastes, such as amalgams and batteries. The scrap material is heated in a retort and the vapors of mercury are condensed into highpurity metal.
| [Toxicity]
Elemental mercury and all its compounds are highly toxic by all routes of exposure. The element has significant vapor pressure at ambient temperatures (0.0018 torr at 25°C) that can produce severe inhalation hazard. The symptoms from short exposure to high concentration of mercury vapors are bronchitis, coughing, chest pain, respiratory distress, salivation and diarrhea (Patnaik, P. 1999. A Comprehensive Guide to the Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances, 2nd ed., New York: John Wiley and Sons). Other symptoms are tremor, insomnia and depression. Mercury can cause damage to kidney, liver, lungs and brain. Organomercury compounds and inorganic salt solutions can be absorbed into the body through skin contact and cause severe poisoning. It accumulates as Hg2+ in the brain and kidneys. US EPA has classified mercury as one of the priority pollutant metals in environmental matrices.
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