| Identification | More | [Name]
Sodium benzoate | [CAS]
532-32-1 | [Synonyms]
BENZOIC ACID SODIUM SALT
BENZOTRON(R)
FEMA 3025
NATRII BENZOAS
PUROX S
SODIUM BENZOATE
antimol
benzoansodny
benzoatedesodium
benzoateofsoda
benzoatesodium
benzoesaeure(na-salz)
femanumber3025
sobenate
sodiumbenzoate,medicinal
sodiumbenzoicacid
ucephan
benzoic acid sodium crystalline
benzoic acid sodium sigmaultra
SODIUM BENZOATE BP 93 | [EINECS(EC#)]
208-534-8 | [Molecular Formula]
C7H5NaO2 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00012463 | [Molecular Weight]
144.1 | [MOL File]
532-32-1.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
Sodium benzoate is a white crystalline solid. It is odorless and nonflammable | [Melting point ]
>300 °C (lit.) | [density ]
1,44 g/cm3 | [vapor pressure ]
0Pa at 20℃ | [FEMA ]
3025 | [Fp ]
>100°C | [storage temp. ]
Store at RT. | [solubility ]
H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
| [form ]
Crystals, Granules, Flakes or Crystalline Powder | [pka]
4.03[at 20 ℃] | [color ]
White | [Odor]
odorless | [PH]
7.0-8.5 (25℃, 1M in H2O) | [Stability:]
Stable, but may be moisture senstive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alkalis, mineral acids. | [Water Solubility ]
soluble | [Merck ]
14,8582 | [BRN ]
3572467 | [InChIKey]
WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M | [LogP]
1.88 | [Uses]
Sodium Benzoate is a preservative that is the sodium salt of benzoic
acid. it converts to benzoic acid, which is the active form. it has a
solubility in water of 50 g in 100 ml at 25°c. sodium benzoate is 180
times as soluble in water at 25°c as is the parent acid. the optimum
functionality occurs between ph 2.5 and 4.0 and it is not recom-
mended above ph 4.5. it is active against yeasts and bacteria. it is
used in acidic foods such as fruit juices, jams, relishes, and bever-
ages. its use level ranges from 0.03 to 0.10%. | [CAS DataBase Reference]
532-32-1(CAS DataBase Reference) | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Sodium benzoate(532-32-1) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
532-32-1(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
Xi | [Risk Statements ]
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin .
R62:Possible risk of impaired fertility.
R63:Possible risk of harm to the unborn child.
R68:Possible risk of irreversible effects. | [Safety Statements ]
S24/25:Avoid contact with skin and eyes .
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing .
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice . | [WGK Germany ]
1
| [RTECS ]
DH6650000
| [TSCA ]
Yes | [HS Code ]
29163100 | [Safety Profile]
Poison by subcutaneous and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion, intramuscular, and intraperitoneal routes. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Larger doses of 8-10 g by mouth may cause nausea and vomiting. Small doses have little or no effect. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Na2O. See also BENZOIC ACID. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
532-32-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Hazard]
Use in foods limited to 0.1%.
| [Potential Exposure]
Sodium benzoate is used as a food and feed additive, flavor, packaging material; pharmaceutical; preservative for food products and tobacco; anti-fungal agent; antiseptic, rust, and mildew inhibitor; intermediate in the manufacture of dyes. Used as a human hygiene biocidal product. | [First aid]
Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed. As first aid for pulmonary edema, a doctor or authorized paramedic may consider administering a drug or other inhalation therapy. | [Shipping]
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. | [Incompatibilities]
Dust may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. | [Occurrence]
Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and in animals. The salt is not found to occur naturally. | [Definition]
ChEBI: An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion. | [Definition]
sodium benzoate: An either colourlesscrystalline or white amorphouspowder, C6H5COONa, soluble inwater and slightly soluble in ethanol.It is made by the reaction of sodiumhydroxide with benzoic acid and isused in the dyestuffs industry and asa food preservative. It was formerlyused as an antiseptic. | [Preparation]
Produced by the neutralization of benzoic acid with sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide. | [General Description]
Sodium benzoate is a sodium salt of benzoic acid, that is freely soluble in water compared to benzoic acid. It is generally used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards. | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Nonflammable | [Pharmaceutical Applications]
Sodium benzoate is used primarily as an antimicrobial preservative
in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals. It is used in concentrations
of 0.02–0.5% in oral medicines, 0.5% in parenteral products,
and 0.1–0.5% in cosmetics. The usefulness of sodium benzoate as a
preservative is limited by its effectiveness over a narrow pH range.
Sodium benzoate is used in preference to benzoic acid in some
circumstances, owing to its greater solubility. However, in some
applications it may impart an unpleasant flavor to a product.
Sodium benzoate has also been used as a tablet lubricant at 2–5%
w/w concentrations. Solutions of sodium benzoate have also been administered, orally or intravenously, in order to determine liver
function. | [Biochem/physiol Actions]
Sodium benzoate also has pharmaceutical applications and is component of syrup and transparent tablet. High levels of sodium benzoate may trigger histamine release and also induce cell damage. It is recommended for the treatment of urea cycle disorders. However, high levels of sodium benzoate may contribute to glycine deficiency and may impose neuromodulatory effects. | [Safety]
In combination with ascorbic acid (vitamin C, E300), sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate form benzene, a known carcinogen. However, in most beverages that contain both, the benzene levels are below those considered dangerous for consumption. Heat, light and shelf life can affect the rate at which benzene is formed. | [Safety]
Ingested sodium benzoate is conjugated with glycine in the liver to
yield hippuric acid, which is excreted in the urine. Symptoms of systemic benzoate toxicity resemble those of salicylates. Whereas
oral administration of the free-acid form may cause severe gastric
irritation, benzoate salts are well tolerated in large quantities: e.g. 6
g of sodium benzoate in 200mL of water is administered orally as a
liver function test.
Clinical data have indicated that sodium benzoate can produce
nonimmunological contact urtcaria and nonimmunological
immediate contact reactions. However, it is also recognized that
these reactions are strictly cutaneous, and sodium benzoate can
therefore be used safely at concentrations up to 5%. However, this
nonimmunological phenomenon should be considered when
designing formulations for infants and children.
Other adverse effects include anaphylaxis and urticarial
reactions, although a controlled study has shown that the incidence
of urticaria in patients given benzoic acid is no greater than that
with a lactose placebo.
It has been recommended that caffeine and sodium benzoate
injection should not be used in neonates; however, sodium
benzoate has been used by others in the treatment of some neonatal
metabolic disorders. It has been suggested that there is a general
adverse effect of benzoate preservatives on the behavior of 3-yearold
children, which is detectable by parents, but not by a simple
clinical assessment.
The WHO acceptable daily intake of total benzoates, calculated
as benzoic acid, has been estimated at up to 5 mg/kg of bodyweight.
LD50 (mouse, IM): 2.3 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IV): 1.4 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 1.6 g/kg
LD50 (rabbit, oral): 2.0 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IV): 1.7 mg/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 4.1 g/kg | [storage]
Aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving or filtration. The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container, in
a cool, dry place. | [Properties and Applications]
|
TEST ITEMS
|
SPECIFICATION
|
|
APPEARANCE
|
WHITE POWDER
|
|
CONTENT OF SODIUM BENZOATE
|
99.0% min
|
DRY LOSS
|
0.10% max
|
pH VALUE
|
8
|
TOTAL CHLORIDE
|
300 ppm max
|
TRANSPARENCE
|
PASS
|
TOTAL HEAVY METAL
|
0.001% max
|
As CONTENT
|
0.0002% max
|
| [Purification Methods]
Crystallise it from EtOH (12mL/g). [Beilstein 9 IV 27.] | [Mechanism of food preservation]
The mechanism starts with the absorption of benzoic acid into the cell. If the intracellular pH changes to 5 or lower, the anaerobic fermentation of glucose through phosphofructokinase is decreased by 95 %, thereby inhibiting the growth and survival of micro-organisms that cause food spoilage. | [Regulatory Status]
GRAS listed. Accepted as a food additive in Europe. Included in the
FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (dental preparations; IM and IV
injections; oral capsules, solutions and tablets; rectal; and topical
preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the
UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal
Ingredients. |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [description]
Sodium benzoate, also known as benzoic acid sodium, is commonly used as food preservatives in food industry, odorless or with slight smell of benzoin, and tastes sweet astringency. Stable in air, can absorb moisture in open air. It’s naturally found in blueberry, apple, plum, cranberry, prunes, cinnamon and cloves, with weaker antiseptic performance than benzoic acid. Antiseptic performance of 1.180g sodium benzoate is equivalent of about 1g benzoic acid. In acidic environment, sodium benzoate have obvious inhibitory effect on a variety of microorganisms: when pH is at 3.5, 0.05% solution can completely inhibit the growth of yeast; while when pH is above 5.5, it has poor effect on a lot of mold and yeast; hardly has any effect in alkaline solution. After sodium benzoate enters into the body, in the process of biotransformation, it would combine with glycine to be uric acid, or combine with glucuronic acid to be glucosiduronic acid, and all to be eliminated from the body in urine, not to accumulate in the body. As long as it is within the scope of the normal dosage, it would be harmless to the human body, and it is a safe preservatives. It also can be used for carbonated beverages, concentrated juice, margarine, chewing gum base, jam, jelly, soy sauce, etc. Human acceptable daily intake (ADI) < 5 mg/kg body weight (take benzoic acid as calculation basis).
Sodium benzoate has big lipophilicity, and it is easy to penetrate cell membrane into the cells, interfere in permeability of cell membrane, and inhibit cell membrane’s absorption of amino acids; cause Ionization acidification of alkaline storage in the cell when entering into, inhibit activity of respiratory enzymes, and stop condensation reaction of acetyl coenzyme A, and thereby achieve the purpose of food antiseptic.
The above information is edited by the Chemicalbook He Liaopu. | [Chemical properties]
White crystals or granules, or colorless powder, with sweet astringency. Soluble in water, ethanol, glycerol and methanol.
| [Uses]
1. Sodium benzoate is also an important preservative of acid type food. It transforms into effective form of benzoic acid during application. See benzoic acid for application range and dosage. In addition, it also can be used as fodder preservative.
2. Preservatives; antimicrobial agent.
3. Sodium benzoate agent is a very important preservative of acid type fodder. It transforms into effective form of benzoic acid during application. See benzoic acid for application range and dosage. In addition, it also can be used as food preservative.
4. Used in the research of pharmaceutical industry and plant genetic, also used as dye intermediates, fungicide and preservatives.
5. The product is used as food additive (preservative), fungicide in pharmaceutical industry, dye mordant, plasticizer in plastic industrial, and also used as organic synthetic intermediate of spices and others. | [Content Analysis]
Take dried sample 1.5g into a 250ml conical flask, dissolve it with 25ml water, and then add 50ml ether and bromophenol. | [Toxicity]
ADI 0～5mg/kg (take benzoic acid as calculation basis, total value of ADI including benzoic acid and its salts and esters; FAO/WHO, 2001).
LD50 4070mg/kg (rats, by oral).
GRAS(FDA，§184．1733，2000).
| [Production methods]
1. Neutralized by benzoic acid and sodium bicarbonate. Put water and sodium bicarbonate into the neutralizing pot, boil it and make it dissolved into sodium bicarbonate solution. Mix it with benzoic acid until PH value of the reaction solution reaches to 7-7.5. Heat it to emit over carbon dioxide, and then add active carbon to decolorize it for half an hour. Do suction filtration, after filtrate gets concentrated, put it into flaker tray, dry it to be sheets in the drum, crush it, and then sodium benzoate is made. Consumption rate of benzoic acid (99.5%) 1045kg/t and sodium bicarbonate (98%) 610kg/t.
2. Use 32% soda solution to neutralize benzoic acid in the pot to reach PH value of 7.5, and neutralization temperature is 70℃. Use 0.3% active carbon to decolorize the neutralized solution, vacuum filter it, concentrate, dry it and then it comes to powdered sodium benzoate.
C6H5COOH+Na2CO3→C6H5COONa
3. To get it by toluene oxidation made benzoic acid reacting with sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide.
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