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New England Journal of Medicine

New England Journal of Medicine

IF: 96.2
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A preliminary study of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease, to treat HIV-1 infection.

Published:7 December 1995 DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199512073332204 PMID: 7477168
M Markowitz, M Saag, W G Powderly, A M Hurley, A Hsu, J M Valdes, D Henry, F Sattler, A La Marca, J M Leonard

Abstract

Background: Ritonavir is a potent inhibitor in vitro of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease, which is needed for virions to mature and become infective. We assessed the safety and efficacy of ritonavir in patients with HIV-1 infection.

Methods: We administered ritonavir orally to 62 patients in one of four dosages during a 12-week trial containing a 4-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded phase followed by an 8-week dose-blinded phase. We assessed the response with serial measurements of plasma viremia and serial CD4 cell counts.

Results: Fifty-two patients completed the 12-week trial. Diarrhea and nausea were the most common side effects, and reversible elevations in serum triglyceride and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels were the most frequent laboratory abnormalities. Ritonavir had a rapid antiviral effect, with a mean maximal reduction in the number of copies of HIV-1 RNA per milliliter of plasma that ranged from 0.86 to 1.18 log in the four dosage groups. After 12 weeks of treatment, the antiviral effect was partially maintained, with a mean reduction in plasma viremia of 0.5 log. When we used a more sensitive assay for HIV-1 RNA in a subgroup of 20 patients, we found that plasma viremia decreased by a mean of 1.7 log. This antiviral effect was partly sustained at week 12, with a mean reduction of approximately 1.1 log. The patients' CD4 cell counts rose during treatment with ritonavir (median increase, 74 and 83 cells per cubic millimeter at weeks 4 and 12, respectively).

Conclusions: The protease inhibitor ritonavir is well tolerated and has a potent antiviral effect, as shown by substantial decreases in plasma viremia and significant elevations in CD4 cell counts. Expanded clinical trials of ritonavir are warranted.

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Related products
Procduct Name CAS Molecular Formula Supplier Price
Ritonavir 155213-67-5 C37H48N6O5S2 648 suppliers $5.00-$1290.00

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