天堂网亚洲,天天操天天搞,91视频高清,菠萝蜜视频在线观看入口,美女视频性感美女视频,95丝袜美女视频国产,超高清美女视频图片

ChemicalBook >> journal list >> Journal of Cleaner Production >>article
Journal of Cleaner Production

Journal of Cleaner Production

IF: 9.69
Download PDF

Recovery of ruthenium resources from red mud via phosphoric acid leaching: A comprehensive investigation of leaching effects and kinetics

Published:7 December 2024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.144423
Yue Ma, Chao Hu, Yanru Jin, Honggang Zhen, Junhu Wu, Lin Yang

Abstract

Typical industrial solid waste, red mud, contains significant amounts of ruthenium, an important secondary resource for valuable metals. This study aimed to investigate the efficient leaching of ruthenium from red mud by comparing the leaching efficiency of different inorganic acids. The results indicated phosphoric acid exhibited the highest leaching effect compared to sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid. The influences of leaching temperature, phosphoric acid concentration, leaching time, liquid-solid ratio, and stirring speed on the leaching of ruthenium were examined. Under the conditions of a leaching temperature of 90°C, a phosphoric acid concentration of 5 mol/L, a leaching time of 6 h, a liquid-solid ratio of 12:1, and a stirring speed of 500 rpm, ruthenium leaching efficiency of 93.53%. SEM-EDS characterization of red mud before and after leaching confirmed that most of the ruthenium is transferred into the liquid phase, while a small portion remains in the leach residue. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectra analyses also revealed significant changes in the mineral structure of red mud during leaching, along with the presence of recoverable iron, aluminum, and calcium in the leach solution. Furthermore, the shrinkage kernel model described the kinetics of ruthenium leaching. The leaching process of ruthenium is primarily governed by chemical reactions at temperatures of 40-60°C, with an activation energy of 57.36 kJ/mol, as expressed by the kinetic equation . At temperatures of 70-90°C, the leaching process is controlled by chemical reactions and solid film diffusion, with an activation energy of 39.80 kJ/mol, as expressed by the kinetic equation . These findings provide innovative insights into the recovery of ruthenium resources and the comprehensive utilization of red mud.

Substances (1)

Materials
Procduct Name CAS Molecular Formula Supplier Price
Phosphoric acid 7664-38-2 H3O4P 1388 suppliers $33.10-$5960.00

Similar articles

IF:1.3

Development of non-leaching and eco-friendly polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride based antimicrobial waterborne polyacrylates

Pigment & Resin Technology Wei Ding,?Kaimei Peng,etc Published: 2 October 2017
IF:0

Erythropoietin regulation of red blood cell production: from bench to bedside and back.

F1000Research Senthil Velan Bhoopalan,?Lily Jun-Shen Huang,etc Published: 18 September 2020
IF:1.7

Dendritic grown kinetics and structure I. Pivalic acid

Journal of Crystal Growth E. R. Rubinstein,?M. Glicksman,etc Published: 2 May 1991