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Neuropharmacology

Neuropharmacology

IF: 4.59
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Ketamine, benzoate, and sarcosine for treating depression

Published:1 February 2023 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109351 PMID: 36423705
Yu-Jung Cheng , Chieh-Hsin Lin , Hsien-Yuan Lane

Abstract

Studies have demonstrated the beneficial therapeutic effects of sarcosine, benzoate, and ketamine (including esketamine and arketamine) on depression. These drugs mainly act by modulating N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs) and reducing inflammation in the brain. Although ketamine, benzoate, and sarcosine act differently as the antagonists or coagonists of NMDARs, they all have demonstrated efficacy in animal models or human trials. In vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that sarcosine, benzoate, and ketamine exert their anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting microglial activity. This review summarizes and compares the efficacy of the possible therapeutic mechanisms of sarcosine, benzoate, ketamine, esketamine, and arketamine. These compounds act as both NMDAR modulators and anti-inflammatory drugs and thus can be effective in the treatment of depression.

This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Ketamine and its Metabolites'.

Substances (2)

Related products
Procduct Name CAS Molecular Formula Supplier Price
Sarcosine 107-97-1 C3H7NO2 676 suppliers $5.00-$1900.00
Denatonium Benzoate 3734-33-6 C28H34N2O3 547 suppliers $11.00-$1500.00

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