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1H-Benzotriazole: Chemical exploration and application of a multifunctional heterocyclic compound

Jul 1,2024

Abstract

1H-Benzotriazole, as a unique heterocyclic compound, has shown extensive application potential in many fields because of its unique chemical structure and properties. In this paper, the chemical properties, synthesis methods, application fields, and future development prospects of the chemical compounds are discussed. Through the review and analysis of relevant literature, it provides a valuable reference for further research and application.

Introduction

1H-Benzotriazole is an important heterocyclic compound, and its unique chemical structure and properties make it widely used in many fields such as metal protection, medicine, pesticides, dyes, and so on. With the continuous progress of science and technology and the growing demand for environmentally friendly and efficient chemicals, research and application have also shown a booming trend. In this paper, its chemical properties, synthesis methods, application fields, and development prospects will be reviewed and analyzed.

Fig1.Benzotriazole

Chemical properties

1H-Benzotriazole has stable chemical properties and thermal stability, and the benzene ring and triazole ring in its molecular structure are connected by covalent bonds to form a stable conjugated system. This structure makes it have excellent coordination and complexation ability and can form stable complexes with various metal ions. In addition, it also has strong reducibility and oxidation and can participate in REDOX reactions under certain conditions.1

Synthesis method

There are many synthesis methods for 1H-benzotriazole, including o-phenylenediamine, benzimidazole, o-nitrophenyl hydrazine, and so on. Among them, the o-phenylenediamine method is one of the most commonly used synthesis methods. 1H-Benzotriazole was obtained from o-phenylenediamine through diazotization and cyclization. The advantages of this method are easy to obtain raw materials, simple operation, and high yield. In addition, there are some improved synthesis methods, such as the use of catalysts, changing the reaction conditions, etc., to improve the yield and purity.2-3

Application field

Metal protection field

1H-Benzotriazole can be used as a metal corrosion inhibitor and rust inhibitor to form a dense protective film with the metal surface to prevent corrosion and oxidation of the metal. In the protection of copper and copper alloys, benzotriazole shows excellent properties.

Pharmaceutical field

With antibacterial, antiviral, anti-tumor, and other biological activities, 1H-Benzotriazole can be used as a drug intermediate or adjuvant. For example, some benzotriazole derivatives can inhibit the growth and reproduction of a variety of bacteria and viruses and have certain efficacy in the treatment of infectious diseases.

Pesticide field

1H-Benzotriazole can be used as insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, etc., by inhibiting the respiratory system and metabolic system of pests to kill pests, to control the number of pests and harm has a significant effect.4

Dyes

These can be used as dye intermediates to react with other compounds to synthesize dyes with specific colors and properties. In addition, benzotriazole can also be used as a dye stabilizer to improve the stability and durability of the dye.

Other fields

1H-Benzotriazole can also be used as an electroplating surface purification agent, photographic antifogging agent, lubricating oil additive, etc., showing a wide range of application value in many fields.5

Development Prospects

With the continuous progress of science and technology and the growing demand for environmentally friendly and efficient chemicals, the research and application of 1H-benzotriazole have shown a booming trend. In the future, research will mainly focus on the following aspects:

Improvement and optimization of the synthesis method: By improving and optimizing the synthesis method, the yield and purity are increased, and the production cost and environmental pollution are reduced.

Synthesis and application of new 1H-benzotriazole derivatives: By introducing new functional groups or changing the molecular structure, derivatives with specific properties and functions are synthesized to meet the needs of different fields.

Application exploration in interdisciplinary fields: Combining 1H-benzotriazole with other disciplines to explore its application value in new energy, new materials, biotechnology, and other fields.

Conclusion

As a multifunctional heterocyclic compound, 1H-benzotriazole has a wide application prospect in the field of chemistry. Through the review and analysis of its chemical properties, synthetic methods, application fields, and development prospects, it can be seen that it has shown important application value in many fields such as metal protection, medicine, pesticides, dyes, and so on. In the future, with the continuous progress of science and technology and the growing demand for environmentally friendly and efficient chemicals, the research and application of 1H-benzotriazole will show a broader prospect.

References:

[1] DAVID A PILLARD . Toxicity of Benzotriazole and Benzotriazole Derivatives to Three Aquatic Species[J]. Water Research, 2001, 35 2: 339-578. DOI:10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00268-2.

[2] WALKER R. Benzotriazole as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Immersed Copper[J]. Corrosion, 1973, 29 1: 290-298. DOI:10.5006/0010-9312-29.7.290.

[3] ZAHRA REZAEI . Design, synthesis, and antifungal activity of triazole and benzotriazole derivatives[J]. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2009, 44 7: 2765-3090. DOI:10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.07.012.

[4] A. R. KATRITZKY W Q F X LAN. ChemInform Abstract: Benzotriazole as a Synthetic Auxiliary: Benzotriazolylalkylations and Benzotriazole-Mediated Heteroalkylation.[J]. ChemInform, 1994, 25 39. DOI:10.1002/chin.199439307.

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