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Tolvaptan(trade names Samsca and Jinarc) is an oral selective vasopressin antagonist developed by Otsuka for the treatment of hyponatremia, and it is a non-peptide selective antidiuretic hormone receptor antagonist. The drug can increase the concentration of sodium ions in the plasma, and help the excess water discharge from the urine. The drug could enhance the ability of the kidney to deal with water, and significantly reduce the weight and edema of patients while not accompanied by increased electrolyte excretion, without destroying the blood electrolyte balance. The drug can be used to treat hyponatremia caused by congestive heart failure, various edematous diseases, cirrhosis and antidiuretic hormone deficiency syndrome. The study found that, when the plasma sodium concentration decreased, in order to maintain the balance of sodium concentration inside and outside the cell, extracellular fluid will enter the cell, so the cells will swell. When the brain cells swell, it will lead to a variety of hyponatremia symptoms, including dizziness, weakness, headache, nausea, confusion, consciousness and convulsions. Severe hyponatremia can lead to coma and death. There is no corresponding study of tolvaptan tablets in patients with severe hyponatremia.