Metonitazene Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
Beschreibung
Metonitazene is an analgesic drug related to etonitazene and was first synthesized in the late 1950s by a Swiss chemical company in an effort to develop novel opioid alternatives to morphine. Metonitazene has been shown to have approximately 100 times the potency of morphine by central routes of administration, but if used orally it has been shown to have approximately 10 times the potency of morphine.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Metonitazene is classified as a novel opioid but is dissimilar from fentanyl and U-series analogues. This substance has been characterized as a white or off-white/beige powder, sometimes referred to as crystalline in consistency (Cayman Chemicals, 2020; Krotulski et al., 2021; PubChem, 2020). Both the free base and hydrochloride salt forms can appear as white or colored powders, while the citrate salt is described as a crystalline solid (Cayman, 2021a).
Verwenden
Metonitazene is an active analgesics with clinical applications.
Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit
Metonitazene is considered a new psychoactive substance (NPS) and emerging potent synthetic opioid, causing increased public health concern beginning in 2020. Effects of Metonitazene are similar to other opioids and include pain relief, a sense of euphoria and sleepiness. It also causes vomiting and can slow respiratory rates, sometimes to dangerously low levels.
in vitro
In vitro studies of metonitazene’s activity at the mu-opioid receptor have found it to be between 113-121% that of fentanyl, and 184-340% that of hydromorphone. Not surprisingly, metonitazene produces robust typical mu-opioid receptor agonist pharmacodynamic effects.
Einzelnachweise
1. Vandeputte, M.M., Van Uytfanghe, K., Layle, N.K., et al. Synthesis, chemical characterization, and μ-opioid receptor activity assessment of the emerging group of "nitazene" 2-benzylbenzimidazole synthetic opioids. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 12(7), 1241-1251 (2021). DOI:
10.22541/AU.160520665.59016513/V22. Ujváry, I., Christie, R., Evans-Brown, M., et al. DARK classics in chemical neuroscience: Etonitazene and related benzimidazoles. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 12(7), 1072-1092 (2021). DOI:
10.1021/acschemneuro.1c000373. Metonitazene in the United States-Forensic toxicology assessment of a potent new synthetic opioid using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry DOI:
10.1002/dta.31154. Pharmacological characterization of novel synthetic opioids: Isotonitazene, Metonitazene, and piperidylthiambutene as potent μ-opioid receptor agonists DOI:
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.1092635.
https://www.overdosepreventionstrategies.org/glossary/metonitazene/6 Luca M, et al. Pharmacological characterization of novel synthetic opioids: Isotonitazene, metonitazene, and piperidylthiambutene as potent μ-opioid receptor agonists. Neuropharmacology, 2022; 221: 109263.
Metonitazene Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
