Crotonaldehyd Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT STECHENDEM GERUCH. VERF?RBT SICH SCHWACH GELB BEI KONTAKT MIT LICHT UND LUFT.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die D?mpfe sind schwerer als Luft und k?nnen sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung m?glich.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Bildung explosionsf?higer Peroxide wahrscheinlich. Kann polymerisieren unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Starkes Reduktionsmittel. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Oxidationsmitteln und vielen anderen Substanzen unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Greift Kunststoff und viele andere Substanzen an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 0.3 ppm; (als STEL, ceiling); Hautresorption; Krebskategorie A3 (best?tigte krebserzeugende Wirkung beim Tier mit unbekannter Bedeutung für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: Hautresorption; Krebserzeugend Kategorie 3B; Keimzellmutagen Kategorie 3B; (DFG 2006).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation der D?mpfe, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann sehr schnell eine gesundheitssch?dliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Tr?nenreizend. Der Dampf reizt stark die Haut, die Atemwegeund ver?tzt die Augen. Inhalation hoher Konzentrationen kann zu Lungen?dem führen (s.Anm.). Inhalation hoher Konzentrationen kann zum Tod führen. ?rztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Belüftung. Zündquellen entfernen. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit m?glichst in abdichtbaren Beh?ltern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT mit S?gemehl oder anderen brennbaren Absorptionsmitteln binden. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabh?ngigem Atemschutzger?t.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R24/25:Giftig bei Berührung mit der Haut und beim Verschlucken.
R26:Sehr giftig beim Einatmen.
R37/38:Reizt die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R41:Gefahr ernster Augensch?den.
R48/22:Gesundheitssch?dlich: Gefahr ernster Gesundheitssch?den bei l?ngerer Exposition durch Verschlucken.
R50:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen.
R68:Irreversibler Schaden m?glich.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S28:Bei Berührung mit der Haut sofort abwaschen mit viel . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Crotonaldehyde is water-white (turns paleyellow on contact with air) with an irritating, pungent, suffocating odor.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Clear, colorless to straw-colored liquid with a pungent, irritating, suffocating odor. An odor
threshold concentration of 23 ppb
v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990). Katz and Talbert
(1930) reported experimental detection odor threshold concentrations ranged from 180 to 570
μg/m
3 (63 to 200 ppb
v).
Verwenden
Crotonaldehyde is used in organic synthesis, in the manufacture
of butyl alcohol and butyraldehyde, and as a warning
agent in fuel gases. It is also used in the manufacture of nbutanol
and sorbic acid as well as in the production of
flavoring agents, surface-active agents, textiles, and insecticidal
compounds.
Definition
Commercial crotonaldehyde is the trans isomer.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A clear colorless to straw colored liquid with a penetrating pungent odor. Flash point 55°F. Density 7.1 lb / gal. Very toxic by inhalation. May polymerize with the release of heat under exposure to heat or contamination. If polymerization takes place inside a container, the container may rupture violently. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
CROTONALDEHYDE can react violently with strong oxidizing reagents, e.g., reaction with conc. nitric acid leads to instantaneous ignition [Andrussow, L., Chim. Ind. (Paris), 1961, 86, p. 542]. In contact with strong acids or bases CROTONALDEHYDE will undergo an exothermic condensation reaction. Reaction with 1,3-butadiene is particularly violent [Greenlee, K. W., Chem. Eng. News, 1948, 26, p. 1985]. Crotonaldehyde may rapidly polymerize with ethyl acetoacetate (Soriano, D.S. et al. 1988. Journal of Chemical Education 65:637.).
Hazard
An animal carcinogen. Irritating to
eyes, skin, and upper respiratory tract irritant.
Flammable, dangerous fire risk. Explosive limits
in air 2.9–15.5% by volume. Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
CROTONALDEHYDE is an extreme eye, respiratory, and skin irritant and can cause corneal damage. A 15 minute exposure at 4.1 ppm is highly irritating to the nose and upper respiratory tract and causes tearing. Brief exposure at 45 ppm proved very disagreeable with prominent eye irritation.
Brandgefahr
Flammable/combustible material; may be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapor may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Container may explode in heat of fire. Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Readily converted by oxygen to hazardous peroxides and acids and is incompatible with caustics, ammonia, organic amines, mineral acids, and strong oxidizers. Readily resinifies to dimer when pure and slowly oxidizes to crotonic acid. Altered by light and air. Hazardous polymerization may occur. Polymerization may take place at high temperatures.
Sicherheitsprofil
Suspected carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic data. Poison
by ingestion and inhalation. Mutation data
reported. An eye, skin, and mucous
membrane irritant. A lachrymating material
that can cause corneal burns and is very
dangerous to the eyes. Caution: Keep away
from heat and open flame. Keep container
closed. Use with adequate ventilation.
Extremely irritating to eyes, slim, mucous
membranes. When necessary, the
lachrymatory effect of the vapors may be
counteracted by ammonia fumes.
Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat
or flame; can react with oxidizing materials.
To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry
chemical. Reacts violently with 1,3
butadlene. Violent hypergolic reaction with
concentrated nitric acid. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
fumes. See also ALDEHYDES.
m?gliche Exposition
Crotonaldehyde is used as a warning agent in fuel gases and gas line leaks; as solvent; in Crotonaldehyde 935 chemical warfare; as an intermediate in the manufacture of n-butanol and crotonic and sorbic acids; in resin and rubber antioxidant manufacture; also used as a solvent in mineral oil purification; as an alcohol denaturant.
Carcinogenicity
Similar to acrolein, crotonaldehyde
is suspected of having tumorigenic activity and
of involvement in the metabolism of N-nitrosopyrrolidine
. Nevertheless, it has been proven that crotonaldehyde
does have a carcinogenic effect on rats. Indeed,
crotonaldehyde and nitrosopyrrolidine (a metabolite of
crotonaldehyde) induced neoplastic lesions in the liver,
hepatocellular carcinomas, neoplastic nodules, and liver
damage when administered orally to rats over long periods
of time.
Environmental Fate
Biological. Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 10-d BOD value of 1.30 g/g which is
56.8% of the ThOD value of 2.29 g/g.
Chemical/Physical. Slowly oxidizes in air forming crotonic acid (Windholz et al., 1983). At
elevated temperatures, crotonaldehyde may polymerize (NIOSH, 1997).
Crotonaldehyde undergoes addition of water across the CH=CH bond yielding 3-
hydroxybutanal (Kollig, 1995).
At an influent concentration of 1,000 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in effluent
concentration of 544 mg/L. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 92 mg/g carbon (Guisti et
al., 1974).
Versand/Shipping
UN1143 Crotonaldehyde or Crotonaldehyde, stabilized, Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, 3-Flammable liquid, Inhalation Hazard Zone B.
Inkompatibilit?ten
Vapors may form explosive mixture with air. A strong reducing agent. Readily converted by oxygen to peroxides and acids; heat or contact with alkalis and many other substances may cause polymerization. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, nonoxidizing mineral acids; ammonia, organic amines; aliphatic amines; aromatic amines; 1,3-butadiene, strong bases. Liquid attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings
Waste disposal
Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed. May be absorbed on vermiculite and burned in open incinerator or dissolved in solvent and sprayed into incinerator
Crotonaldehyd Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
