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Appetite Stimulants

Appetite Stimulants Struktur
CAS-Nr.
Englisch Name:
Appetite Stimulants
Synonyma:
Appetite Stimulants
CBNumber:
CB31343440
Summenformel:
Molgewicht:
0
MOL-Datei:
Mol file

Appetite Stimulants Eigenschaften

Sicherheit

Appetite Stimulants Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

Chemische Eigenschaften

The analeptic stimulants are a diverse chemical class of agents ranging from plant alkaloids, such as picrotoxin and strychnine, to synthetic compounds, such as pentylenetetrazol and doxapram. The wide range of chemical structures makes this particular class somewhat difficult to categorize with respect to absorption, distribution, and metabolism. However, most analeptic stimulants can be absorbed orally and have short durations of action. The pharmacological effect of most of these compounds is terminated through hepatic metabolism rather than renal excretion of unchanged drug.

Clinical Use

As indicated, most of the analeptic stimulants were used as pharmacological treatments for overdosage of CNS depressants. Doxapram (Dopram) is sometimes used to counteract postanesthetic respiratory depression and as an aid in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol) was used experimentally on rare occasions to “activate” the electroencephalogram. Strychnine is used almost exclusively in animal studies as a tool for studying CNS mechanisms because it is a relatively specific glycine antagonist.

Nebenwirkungen

Most of the CNS stimulants produce adverse reactions that are extensions of their therapeutic effect. These coma and death. Convulsions produced by this class of agents (with the exception of strychnine) are usually tonic–clonic and are uncoordinated. In some cases, the convulsions are preceded by marked stimulation of respiration, tachycardia, and excessive pressor effects. The uncontrolled excitation that occurs after accidental or intentional strychnine ingestion (in the absence of normal inhibition) results in characteristic convulsions. In humans, in whom extensor muscles are normally dominant, tonic extension of the body and all limbs is observed. This hyperextension is known as opisthotonos; at its extreme, it consists of a characteristic posture in which the back is arched and only the back of the head and the heels are touching the surface on which the victim is lying. Figure 29.1 illustrates a patient in opisthotonos. Under the influence of strychnine, all sensory stimuli produce exaggerated responses. The primary therapeutic consideration after strychnine poisoning is to prevent convulsions, which may be fatal.
Diazepam and clonazepam appear to be moderately effective in preventing strychnine convulsions, and either of these is the agent of choice. Barbiturates are often used to treat overdoses of all of the analeptic stimulants. Generally, however, antidotal therapy is not required.

Appetite Stimulants Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Upstream-Materialien

Downstream Produkte


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