| Identification | More | [Name]
PERCHLORIC ACID | [CAS]
7601-90-3 | [Synonyms]
PERCHLORIC ACID 70%
PERCHLORIC ACID
PERCHLORIC ACID-ACETIC ACID
acideperchlorique
Fraude's reagent
perchloricacid,withmorethan50%butnotmorethan72%acid
perchloricacid,withnotmorethan50%acid
NEOPRENE RUBBER
PERCHLORIC ACID STD SOL. IN 1,4-DIOXANE, 0.1 MOL/L, N20, 1 L
PERCHLORIC ACID, VOLUMETRIC STANDARD, 0. 1N SOLUTION IN HOAC
PERCHLORIC ACID 70 %, R. G., REAG. ACS,REAG. ISO, REAG.
PERCHLORIC ACID 60%, ACS, PACKED IN COAT ED GLASS BOTTLE
PERCHLORIC ACID, 70%, REDISTILLED, 99.99 9%
PERCHLORIC ACID STD SOL. IN ACETIC ACID 0.1 MOL/L, N21, 1 L
PERCHLORIC ACID 70%, FOR TRACE ANALYSIS
Perchloric acid solution, Eluent concentrate for IC, 0.01M in water
PERCHLORIC ACID 60 %, R. G., REAG. ISO
PERCHLORIC ACID STD. SOLUTION 0.001 MOL
PERCHLORIC ACID 70% (HG <0.0000005%), AC S
PERCHLORIC ACID 60% A.C.S. REAGENT | [EINECS(EC#)]
231-512-4 | [Molecular Formula]
ClHO4 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00011325 | [Molecular Weight]
100.46 | [MOL File]
7601-90-3.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
colourless odourless liquid | [Melting point ]
-18 °C | [Boiling point ]
203 °C | [density ]
1.664 g/mL at 25 °C
| [vapor density ]
~2.1 (vs air)
| [vapor pressure ]
6.8 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
| [refractive index ]
1.419
| [Fp ]
104 °F
| [storage temp. ]
Flammables area | [form ]
Solution | [pka]
-7[at 20 ℃] | [color ]
APHA: ≤10 | [Specific Gravity]
approximate 1.54 | [Odor]
Odorless | [PH]
0.1 (H2O, 20°C) | [Stability:]
Stable. Avoid heat. May form explosive peroxides. Incompatible with a wide variety of substances, including organic materials, alcohols, amines, strong acids, strong bases, acid anhydrides, finely powdered metals, strong reducing agents. Contact with wood, paper and other celullose products may lead to explosion, as may contact with a vari | [Water Solubility ]
Miscible with water. | [Merck ]
14,7153 | [InChIKey]
VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N | [LogP]
-4.62 | [CAS DataBase Reference]
7601-90-3(CAS DataBase Reference) | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Perchloric acid(7601-90-3) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
7601-90-3(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
C,O,Xi | [Risk Statements ]
R5:Heating may cause an explosion.
R8:Contact with combustible material may cause fire.
R35:Causes severe burns.
R10:Flammable.
R34:Causes burns.
R36/38:Irritating to eyes and skin . | [Safety Statements ]
S23:Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapor/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer) .
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection . | [RIDADR ]
UN 2920 8/PG 2
| [WGK Germany ]
1
| [RTECS ]
SC7500000
| [F ]
3 | [Autoignition Temperature]
485 °C | [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
8 | [PackingGroup ]
II | [HS Code ]
28111990 | [Safety Profile]
Poison by ingestion and subcutaneous routes. A severe irritant to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. A powerful oxidlzer. A severe explosion hazard; the anhydrous form can explode spontaneously. Potentially explosive reaction with acetic anhydride + acetic acid + organic materials, acetic anhydride + organic materials + transition metals (e.g., chromium, iron, nickel), acetonitrile, alcohols, azo dyes + orthoperiodic acid, bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate + ethanol + ethylene glycol, bismuth (above 1 10°C), antimony (above llO°C), carbon, charcoal + chromium trioxide + heat, cellulose and derivatives + heat, combustible materials, dehydrating agents, dichloromethane + dimethylsulfoxide, dethyl ether, dimethyl ether, dloxane + nitric acid + heat, fecal material + nitric acid, graphitic carbon + nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid + structural materials, ironQI) sulfate, nitric acid + organic matter + heat, nitric acid + pyridme + sulfuric acid, nitrogenous epoxides, organic materials + sodmm hydrogen carbonate (above 2OO0C), phenyl acetylene (at -78OC), sodmm phosphinate + heat, sulfuric acid + organic materials, sulfur trioxide. Reacts to form explosive products with anline + formaldehyde, ethylbenzene + thallium triacetate (at 65℃), fluorine (forms fluorine perchlorate), glycerol + lead oxide, hydrogen + heat, hydrogen halides, phosphine, pyridme, sulfoxides. Violent reaction or igmtion with acetic acid, acetic acid + acetic anhydride, acetic anhydride, acetic anhydride + carbon tetrachloride + 2-methyl cyclohexanone, antimony compounds, azo pigments, bis1,2-diaminopropane-cis-dichlorochromium(ⅡI) perchlorate, carbon, 1,3-bis(di-ncyclopentadtenyl iron) -2-propen1 -one, CH3OH, CC4, copper dichromium tetraoxide (at 120℃), DNA, dibutyl sulfoxide, dunethyl sulfoxide, ethylbenzene, glycol ethers, glycols, HNO3, HCl, H2SO4, hypophosphttes, iron sulfate, iodides, ketones, PbO + glycerin, methanol + triglycerides, 2-methylpropene + metal oxides, 2-methyl cyclohexanone, NI3, nitrogenous epoxides, nitrosophenol, operiodlc acid, oleic acid, organophosphorus compounds, paper, PzOj + CHCl3, PzOj, PzZns, sodium iodde + hydroiodic acid, solum phosphtnate, steel, sulfinyl chloride, so3, trichloroethylene, vegetable matter, wood, zinc phosphide. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also PERCHLORATES. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
7601-90-3(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LD50 oral (rat) 1100 mg/kg
LD50 oral (dog) 400 mg/kg |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [General Description]
A clear colorless odorless aqueous solution. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Closed containers may rupture violently under prolonged exposure to heat. | [Reactivity Profile]
PERCHLORIC ACID, WITH NOT MORE THAN 50% ACID(7601-90-3) is a solution of a strong oxidizing acid. May react vigorously or deflagrate when mixed with oxidizable material [Merck]. This includes (but is not limited to) alcohols, amines, boranes, dicyanogen, hydrazines, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, nitroalkanes, powdered metals, silanes, or thiols [Bretherick 1979. p.174]. Perchloric acid ignites on contact with sulfinyl chloride. (Bailar, 1973, Vol. 2, 1442). | [Air & Water Reactions]
Water soluble with heat generation. | [Health Hazard]
Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. | [Fire Hazard]
These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. | [Chemical Properties]
Perchloric Acid is a colorless, fuming, oily liquid, miscible with H2O, volatile under diminished pressure. A maximum constant-boiling solution (203 °C, 760 millimeters Hg) results when the concentration of HClO4 reaches 73% in H2O. Cold dilute perchloric acid reacts with such metals as zinc and iron, yielding hydrogen gas and the corresponding perchlorate in solution. It is stable from the point of view of oxidation and reduction (except that iodine is oxidized to periodic acid, with liberation of chlorine, ferrous salt solutions to ferric, titanous salt solutions to titanic). Concentrated hot perchloric acid, on the other hand, is a powerful oxidizing agent, exploding violently in contact with charcoal, paper, or alcohol; causes serious wounds in contact with the skin. Prepared by distilling ammonium perchlorate with HNO3 and HCl. | [Chemical Properties]
Perchloric acid, HCIO4, also known as Fraude's reagent,is a colorless, fuming,hygroscopic liquid that boils at 16°C(61OF). It is a strong oxidizer and is soluble in water. Cold dilute perchloric acid reacts with metals such as zinc and iron to yield hydrogen gas and the metallic perchlorate. Perchloric acid is used in electrolytic baths, electropolishing, explosives, analytical chemistry, and medicine.
| [Physical properties]
Perchloric acid, HClO4, is a colorless liquid soluble in
water. It is a strong acid comparable in strength to
sulfuric and nitric acids. It is useful for preparing
perchlorate salts, but it is also dangerously corrosive
and readily forms explosive mixtures. Perchloric acid is produced by the treatment of sodium perchlorate with
sulfuric acid and by the electrochemical oxidation of
aqueous chlorine. | [Uses]
Perchloric acid is used in the preparation of perchlorate
salts (e.g., ammonium perchlorate, a solid oxidizer in rocket propellants). It is also used industrially for electropolishing
and etching of various metals (e.g., aluminum,
molybdenum). Perchloric acid is used in a process to
separate potassium from sodium, as well as in many other
laboratory tests and industrial processes (e.g., as an eluant
in ion-exchange chromatography). Uses for the salts of
perchloric acid include the manufacture of explosives and
plating of metals. Perchlorate is also present in bleach and
fertilizers. | [Uses]
Perchloric acid salts are used as explosivesand in metal plating. They are also used as anoxidizer and as a reagent in chemical analysis. These salts are produced by distillingpotassium chlorate with concentrated H2SO4under reduced pressure.. | [Uses]
The acid in analytical chemistry as an oxidizer and for separation of potassium from sodium. Its salts for explosives and for plating of metals. | [Definition]
ChEBI: Perchloric acid is a chlorine oxoacid. It is a conjugate acid of a perchlorate. | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Perchloric acid is noncombustible. The anhydrous (dehydrated) acid presents a
serious explosion hazard. It is unstable and can decompose explosively at ordinary
temperatures or in contact with many organic compounds.
Many heavy metal perchlorates and organic perchlorate salts are extremely sensitive
explosives; the ammonium, alkali metal, and alkali earth perchlorates are somewhat
less hazardous. Mixtures of perchlorates with many oxidizable substances are
explosive. | [Environmental Fate]
Perchloric acid, in the presence of moisture, forms the negatively
charged perchlorate anion. The largest natural deposit of
perchlorate is located in Chile; the origin of the deposit is not
known.
Atmospheric perchlorate may be found near the sites where
it is manufactured and the locations where it is used. Accidental
spills of perchloric acid are another source of airborne
perchlorate. Perchlorate has a low vapor pressure and is not
found in the atmosphere as such; however, airborne particles
are known to be a source of perchlorate. The particles may fall
to the soil or be washed to the soil via rain. Soil particles
containing perchlorate can migrate in air currents or with
surface water or groundwater.
Perchlorate anions are highly mobile in groundwater
because of their charged state and because they adsorb to soil
particles poorly. Perchlorates in groundwater or surface water
are extremely persistent. They are extremely stable under
ambient conditions and tend not to react or degrade. Some
types of anaerobic bacteria are known to biodegrade perchlorate;
however, they are effective only under specific environmental
conditions (high levels of organic carbon and low levels
of oxygen and nitrate). Groundwater extraction is considered
inefficient for the removal of perchlorate.
Plants exposed to perchlorate in the soil moisture can also
take up perchlorate; some types of plants are known to
concentrate perchlorate. | [storage]
Splash goggles and rubber gloves should be worn when handling perchloric acid,
and containers of the acid should be stored in a well-ventilated location separated from
organic substances and other combustible materials. Work with >85% perchloric acid requires
special precautions and should be carried out only by specially trained personnel. | [Purification Methods]
The 72% acid is been purified by double distillation from silver oxide under vacuum: this frees the acid from metal contamination. Distillation at atmospheric pressure is dangerous and explosive. The anhydrous acid is obtained by adding gradually 400-500mL of oleum (20% fuming H2SO4) to 100-120mL of 72% HClO4 in a reaction flask cooled in an ice-bath. The pressure is reduced to 1mm (or less), with the reaction mixture at 20-25o. The temperature is gradually raised during 2hours to 85o; the distillate is collected in a receiver cooled in Dry-ice. For further details of the distillation apparatus see Smith [J Am Chem Soc 75 184 1953]. It is HIGHLY EXPLOSIVE; a strong protective screen should be used at all times. [Schmeisser in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I pp 318-320 1963.] | [Incompatibilities]
Cold 70% perchloric acid is a strong acid but is not considered to be a strong
oxidizing agent; however, more concentrated solutions are good oxidizers.
Temperature increases the oxidizing power of perchloric acid, and hot concentrated
solutions are very dangerous. Evaporation of a spill of the 70% solution may lead to
the formation of more dangerous concentrations. Reaction of 70% perchloric acid
with cellulose materials such as wood, paper, and cotton can produce fires and
explosions. Oxidizable organic compounds including alcohols, ketones, aldehydes,
ethers, and dialkyl sulfoxides can react violently with concentrated perchloric acid.
All perchlorates are potentially hazardous when in contact with reducing agents. | [Waste Disposal]
Excess perchloric acid and waste material containing this substance should be placed in an
appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste
disposal guidelines. |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [Description]
Perchloric acid (chemical formula: HClO4) is a kind of mineral acid which is highly corrosive to metals and tissues. It is even stronger than sulfuric and nitric acid. It is useful in the manufacture of perchlorate salts such as ammonium perchlorate, which is an important rocket fuel component. It also has many applications in etching of liquid crystal displays and chrome, critical electronics applications, ore extraction and analytic chemistry. As a strong acid, it is useful eluent in ion-exchange chromatography due to its stability against hydrolysis. It can also be used for electropolishing/etching of aluminum, molybdenum, and other metals. In industry, it can be produced by two routes: (1) treatment of sodium perchlorate with hydrochloric acid; (2) anodic oxidation of aqueous chlorine at a platinum electrode.
| [References]
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/perchloric_acid#section=Top
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perchloric_acid
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