| Identification | More | [Name]
SCANDIUM | [CAS]
7440-20-2 | [Synonyms]
SCANDIUM
SC000205
SC000200
SC000211
SC000212
SC000210
Scandium-45
scandium atom
Scandium lump
SCANDIUM METAL
Scandium ingot
YSG BROTH TUBE
NITRATE (IN N)E
Scandium powder
Scandium Pieces
SCANDIUM STANDARD
Sc Standard Solution
Scandium foil25x25mm
Scandium foil50x50mm
Scandium metal powder
SCANDIUM ICP STANDARD
SCANDIUM, CHIP, 99.9%
Scandium Nanoparticles
SCANDIUM, POWDER, 99.9%
Scandium, arc-cast pellet
foil,0.127mm=0.005inthick
SCANDIUM POWDER (99.9% REO)
ScandiumlumpvacuumremeltedN
Scandium nitrate solution
Scandium standard for AAS
"Scandium Pieces, distilled"
SCANDIUM ISO 9001：2015 REACH
Scandium, Lump, Vacuum Remelted
Scandium,99.9+%,powder, 40 mesh
SCANDIUM, AAS STANDARD SOLUTION
SCANDIUM SINGLE ELEMENT STANDARD
SCANDIUM PLASMA EMISSION STANDARD
SCANDIUM METALLO-ORGANIC STANDARD
Scandium, powder, 40 mesh, 99.9+%
SCANDIUM, PLASMA STANDARD SOLUTION
SCANDIUM AA SINGLE ELEMENT STANDARD
SCANDIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD
ScandiumpowderNREOampouledunderargon
SCANDIUM ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY STANDARD
SCANDIUM, OIL BASED STANDARD SOLUTION
Scandium, Lump, Vacuum Remelted 99.9%
Scandium foil, 0.1mm (0.004 in.) thick
Scandium foil, 0.25mm (0.01 in.) thick
Scandium rod, &ap:12.7mm (0.5 in.) dia.
SCANDIUM SINGLE ELEMENT PLASMA STANDARD
Scandium foil, 0.025mm (0.001 in.) thick
SCANDIUM LUMP, VACUUM REMELTED (99.9% REO)
SCANDIUM, DISTILLED DENDRITIC PIECES, 99 .9%
SCANDIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION
SCANDIUM: 99.5%, INGOT, AMPOULED UNDER ARGON
Scandium, AAS standard solution, Sc 1000μg/mL
Scandium arc-cast pellet, 15.9mm (0.63in) dia
SCANDIUM PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY STANDARD
SCANDIUM LUMP, VACUUM REMELTED, 3N: (99.9% REO)
Scandium plasma standard solution, Sc 10000μg/mL
SCANDIUM FOIL, 0.25MM (0.01IN) THICK, 99.9% (REO)
Scandium, Oil based standard solution, Sc 1000μg/g
SCANDIUM FOIL, 0.025MM (0.001IN) THICK, 99.9% (REO)
Scandium foil, 0.127mm (0.005in) thick, 99.9% (REO)
Scandium powder, 99.9% trace rare earth metals basis
SCANDIUM: 99.9%, POWDER, -420 MICRON, AMPOULED UNDER ARGON
Scandium, AAS standard solution, Specpure(R), Sc 1000μg/ml
SCANDIUM ROD, 12.7MM (0.5IN) DIA, 99.9% (METALS BASIS EXCLUD
Scandium, plasma standard solution, Specpure(R), Sc 1000μg/ml
Scandium, plasma standard solution, Specpure(R), Sc 10,000μg/ml
Scandium, Oil based standard solution, Specpure(R), Sc 1000μg/g
SCANDIUM ROD 6.35MM (0.25IN) DIA 99.9% (METALS BASIS EXCLUDING TA)
ScandiuM rod, 12.7MM (0.5in) dia, 99.6% (Metals basis excluding Ta)
Scandium ingot, 99.9% (metals basis excluding Ta), Ta nominal 8-12%
Scandium pieces, distilled dendritic, 99.9% trace rare earth metals basis | [EINECS(EC#)]
231-129-2 | [Molecular Formula]
Sc | [MDL Number]
MFCD00016323 | [Molecular Weight]
44.96 | [MOL File]
7440-20-2.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
grey powder | [Melting point ]
1540 °C (lit.) | [Boiling point ]
2836 °C (lit.) | [density ]
2.99 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
| [solubility ]
Slowly dissolve in dilute acids. | [form ]
powder
| [color ]
Silver-gray | [Specific Gravity]
3 | [Resistivity]
50.5 μΩ-cm, 0°C | [Water Solubility ]
Reacts with water. | [Sensitive ]
air sensitive | [Merck ]
13,8468 | [Exposure limits]
ACGIH: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 4 ppm
OSHA: TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 ppm; TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3); STEL 4 ppm(10 mg/m3) | [InChIKey]
SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N | [History]
On the basis of the Periodic System, Mendeleev predicted
the existence of ekaboron, which would have an atomic
weight between 40 of calcium and 48 of titanium. Scandium was discovered by Nilson in 1878 in the minerals euxenite and
gadolinite, which had not yet been found anywhere except in
Scandinavia. By processing 10 kg of euxenite and other residues
of rare-earth minerals, Nilson was able to prepare about
2 g of scandium oxide of high purity. Cleve later pointed out
that Nilson’s scandium was identical with Mendeleev’s ekaboron.
Scandium is apparently a much more abundant element
in the sun and certain stars than here on Earth. It is about the
23rd most abundant element in the sun, compared to the 50th
most abundant on Earth. It is widely distributed on Earth, occurring
in very minute quantities in over 800 mineral species.
The blue color of beryl (aquamarine variety) is said to be due
to scandium. It occurs as a principal component in the rare
mineral thortveitite, found in Scandinavia and Malagasy. It is
also found in the residues remaining after the extraction of
tungsten from Zinnwald wolframite, and in wiikite and bazzite.
Most scandium is presently being recovered from thortveitite
or is extracted as a by-product from uranium mill tailings.
Metallic scandium was first prepared in 1937 by Fischer,
Brunger, and Grieneisen, who electrolyzed a eutectic melt of
potassium, lithium, and scandium chlorides at 700 to 800°C.
Tungsten wire and a pool of molten zinc served as the electrodes
in a graphite crucible. Pure scandium is now produced
by reducing scandium fluoride with calcium metal. The production
of the first pound of 99% pure scandium metal was
announced in 1960. Scandium is a silver-white metal that develops
a slightly yellowish or pinkish cast upon exposure to air.
It is relatively soft, and resembles yttrium and the rare-earth
metals more than it resembles aluminum or titanium. It is a
very light metal and has a much higher melting point than
aluminum, making it of interest to designers of spacecraft.
Scandium is not attacked by a 1:1 mixture of conc. HNO3 and
48% HF. Scandium reacts rapidly with many acids. Twentythree
isotopes and isomers of scandium are recognized. The
metal is expensive, costing about $200/g with a purity of about
99.9%. About 20 kg of scandium (as Sc203) are now being used
yearly in the U.S. to produce high-intensity lights, and the
radioactive isotope 46Sc is used as a tracing agent in refinery
crackers for crude oil, etc. Scandium iodide added to mercury
vapor lamps produces a highly efficient light source resembling
sunlight, which is important for indoor or night-time
color TV. Little is yet known about the toxicity of scandium;
therefore, it should be handled with care. | [CAS DataBase Reference]
7440-20-2(CAS DataBase Reference) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
Scandium (7440-20-2) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
F,T,Xi | [Risk Statements ]
R5:Heating may cause an explosion.
R11:Highly Flammable.
R34:Causes burns.
R23/24/25:Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin . | [Safety Statements ]
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S28:After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of ... (to be specified by the manufacturer) .
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves .
S7/9:Keep container tightly closed and in a well-ventilated place .
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection .
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition-No smoking .
S43:In case of fire, use ... (indicate in the space the precise type of fire-fighting equipment. If water increases the risk add-Never use water) .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S27:Take off immediately all contaminated clothing . | [RIDADR ]
UN 3089 4.1/PG 2
| [WGK Germany ]
1
| [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
8 | [PackingGroup ]
III | [HS Code ]
2805304000 |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [General Description]
Scandium, a transition metal with a silvery appearance, is often classified as a non-lanthanide rare earth element. It is widely used in various products, such as fluorescent lamps, baseball bats and bicycle frames. In industry, it is primarily alloyed to other metal compounds to produce high performance materials. Currently, the only known concentrated sources of scandium are thortveitite, euxenite and gadolinite, which are rare minerals from Scandinavia and Madagascar.
 | [Uses]
Scandium is mainly used in ceramics, lasers, phosphors and crystal. Scandium Oxide is suitable for the high index component of UV, AR and bandpass coatings due to its high index value, transparency, and layer hardness make high damage thresholds have been reported for combinations with Silicon Dioxide or Magnesium Fluoride for use in AR.
Scandium Metal is applied in various superalloys which show excellent metallic performance with their light gravaty. The main application of Scandium by weight is in Scandium-Aluminium alloys for minor aerospace industry components. They were used in the Russian military aircraft, specifically the MiG-21 and MiG-29. Some items of sports equipment, which rely on high performance materials, have been made with Scandium-Aluminium alloys. Employed in solid state synthesis of unusual clusters, Sc19Br28Z4, (Z=Mn, Fe, Ru or Os). These clusters are of interest for their structure and magnetic properties.
|
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
grey powder | [Physical properties]
Scandium is a soft, lightweight, silvery-white metal that does not tarnish in air, but overtime, it turns yellowish-pink. It resists corrosion. Scandium reacts vigorously with acids, butnot water. Scandium has some properties similar to the rare-earth elements. Although its position in group 3 places it at the head of the 17 elements of the lanthanide series of rare-earthmetals, scandium, as a metal, is not usually considered a rare-earth. Scandium’s melting pointis 1,541°C, its boiling point is 2836°C, and its density is 2.989 g/cm3. | [Isotopes]
There are 28 isotopes of scandium, ranging from scandium-36 to scandium-57.Scandium-45 is the only stable isotope and contains about 100% of the natural scandium found in the Earth’s crust. The remaining isotopes are radioactive with half-livesranging from nanoseconds to a few minutes to a few hours to a few days, and therefore,they are not found naturally in the Earth’s crust. The radioactive isotopes of scandiumare produced in nuclear reactors. | [Origin of Name]
From the Latin word Scandia, for “Scandinavia. | [Occurrence]
Although scandium is chemically similar to rare-earths, it no longer is considered to be oneof them. Scandium is the 42nd most abundant element found in the Earth’s crust, makingup about 0.0025% of the Earth’s crust. It is widely distributed at 5 ppm on the Earth. (It isabout as abundant as lithium, as listed in group 1.) Scandium is even more prevalent in thesun and several other stars than it is on Earth.Scandium is found in ores of wolframite in Norway and thortveitite in Madagascar. It isalso found in granite pegmatites and monazites. It is common in many of the ores where tinand tungsten are also found. | [Characteristics]
Scandium is the first element in the fourth period of the transition elements, which meansthat the number of protons in their nuclei increases across the period. As with all the transition elements, electrons in scandium are added to an incomplete inner shell rather than tothe outer valence shell as with most other elements. This characteristic of using electrons inan inner shell results in the number of valence electrons being similar for these transition elements although the transition elements may have different oxidation states. This is also whyall the transition elements exhibit similar chemical activity. | [Definition]
A lightweight
silvery element belonging to the first transition
series. It is found in minute amounts
in over 800 minerals, often associated with
lanthanoids. Scandium is used in high-intensity
lights and in electronic devices.
Symbol: Sc; m.p. 1541°C; b.p. 2831°C;
r.d. 2.989 (0°C); p.n. 21; r.a.m.
44.955910. | [Definition]
scandium: Symbol Sc. A rare softsilvery metallic element belonging togroup 3 (formerly IIIA) of the periodictable; a.n. 21; r.a.m. 44.956; r.d.2.989 (alpha form), 3.19 (beta form);m.p. 1541°C; b.p. 2831°C. Scandiumoften occurs in lanthanoid ores,from which it can be separated on accountof the greater solubility of itsthiocyanate in ether. The only naturalisotope, which is not radioactive,is scandium–45, and there are nineradioactive isotopes, all with relativelyshort half-lives. Because of themetal’s high reactivity and high costno substantial uses have been foundfor either the metal or its compounds.Predicted in 1869 by DmitriMendeleev, and then called ekaboron,the oxide (called scandia) wasisolated by Lars Nilson (1840–99) in1879. | [Hazard]
As with other metals, the transition metals and many of their compounds are toxic, andtheir powdered or gaseous forms should not be ingested or inhaled. In addition, all but one ofthe isotopes of scandium are radioactive and should be handled by experienced personnel. | [Toxicity evaluation]
Scandium is considered non-toxic, though extensive animal testing of scandium compounds has not been done.The median lethal dose (LD50) levels for scandium chloride for rats have been determined as 755 mg/kg for intraperitoneal and 4 g/kg for oral administration.Compounds of scandium should be handled as compounds of moderate toxicity.
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Alfa Aesar
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400-6106006 |
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Energy Chemical
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021-021-58432009 400-005-6266 |
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http://www.energy-chemical.com |
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