| Identification | More | [Name]
LANTHANUM | [CAS]
7439-91-0 | [Synonyms]
57La
Lantano
Lanthan
Lanthane
LA000240
LA000215
LA007910
LA000200
LA000210
LANTHANUM
Chebi:33336
lanthanum atom
Lanthanum foil
Lanthanum ingot
Lanthanum chips
LANTHANUM METAL
Lanthanum powder
Metallic element
LANTHANUM, 99.9%
Lanthanum Pieces
LANTHANUM, TURNING
LANTHANUM STANDARD
LanthanumFoil,99.9%
LANTHANUM UNDER OIL
metel basisLanthanum
La Standard Solution
LANTHANUM IN CHLORIDE
Lanthanum foil25x25mm
Lanthanum foil50x50mm
LanthanuM Metal powder
Lanthanum, Chips 99.6%
LANTHANUM ICP STANDARD
Lanthanumfoil(99.9%REO)
LANTHANUM, INGOT, 99.9%
COPPER 1,000PPM FOR ICP
LANTHANUM: 99.6%, CHIPS
LANTHANUM: 99.6%, INGOTS
Lanthanumchips(99.6%REO)
Lanthanumingot(99.9%REO)
Lanthanum, pieces, 99.9%
LANTHANUM MATRIX MODIFIER
Lanthanumpowder(99.9%REO)
LANTHANUM, SLUGS UNDER OIL
CAS7439-91-0 lanthanum atom
Lanthanum ingot (under oil)
Lanthanum foil, thickness 1m
Lanthanum, chips (under oil)
Lanthanum, Powder 250 Micron
LANTHANUM ISO 9001：2015 REACH
Lanthanum Rod 6.35 mm diameter
LANTHANUM FOIL, 3N: (99.9% REO)
LANTHANUM INGOT: 3N (99.9% REO)
Lanthanum rod, 12.7mm dia, 99.9%
LANTHANUM, AAS STANDARD SOLUTION
LANTHANUM SINGLE ELEMENT STANDARD
Lanthanum rod, 6.35 mm dia, 99.9%
LANTHANUM CHIPS, 2N6: (99.6% REO)
LANTHANUM POWDER, 3N: (99.9% REO)
Lanthanum, Powder 250 Micron 99.9%
LANTHANUM, POWDER, -40 MESH, 99.9%
HYDROCHLORIC ACID 1N REAGENT GRADE
Lanthanum powder, -200 mesh, 99.9%
LANTHANUM PLASMA EMISSION STANDARD
LANTHANUM, PLASMA STANDARD SOLUTION
ZINC SULFATE HEPTAHYDRATE USP GRADE
Lanthanum, Rare Earth Oxides Content
Lanthanum rod, 12.7mm (0.5 in.) dia.
LANTHANUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD
Lanthanum matrix modifier solution
Lanthanum, pieces, 99.9% metals basis
Lanthanum foil, 1.0mm (0.04 in.) thick
LANTHANUM, OIL BASED STANDARD SOLUTION
Lanthanum,metal(suspended in kerosene)
Lanthanum foil, 0.3mm (0.012 in.) thick
LANTHANUM ICP STANDARD TRACEABLE TO SRM
Lanthanum foil, 0.1mm (0.004 in.) thick
Lanthanum foil, 0.62mm (0.024 in.) thick
Lanthanum powder, -325 mesh, 99.9% (REO)
LanthanuM powder, -200 Mesh, 99.9% (REO)
LANTHANUM 99.9%, PELLETS PACKED UNDER OIL
Lanthanum, pieces or lumps, 10-30 mm, 99.9%
Lanthanum foil, 0.1mm (0.004in) thick, 99.9%
LANTHANUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION
Lanthanum, AAS standard solution, La 1000μg/mL
LanthanuM rod, 6.35MM (0.25in) dia, 99.9% (REO)
LANTHANUM PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY STANDARD
LANTHANUM PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY STANDARDS
Lanthanum rod, 100mm, diameter 6.35mm, cast, 99%
Lanthanum plasma standard solution, La 10000μg/mL
Lanthanum Oil based standard solution, La 1000μg/g
Lanthanum foil (99.9% REO) (Packed in mineral oil)
Lanthanum pieces, 99.9% trace rare earth metals basis
Lanthanum sputtering target, 50.8mm dia x 1.59mm thick
Lanthanum sputtering target, 50.8mm dia x 3.18mm thick
Lanthanum sputtering target, 76.2mm dia x 1.59mm thick
Lanthanum sputtering target, 76.2mm dia x 3.18mm thick
Lanthanum metal lumps min. 99.99% La/TREM (vacuum melted)
Lanthanum, AAS standard solution, Specpure(R), La 1000μg/ml
Lanthanum, plasma standard solution, Specpure(R), La 1000μg/ml
LANTHANUM: 99.9%, POWDER -420 MICRON, PACKED UNDER MINERAL OIL
Lanthanum powder, -40 mesh, 99.9% trace rare earth metals basis
Lanthanum rod, 6.35mm dia., 99.9% trace rare earth metals basis
Lanthanum, Oil based standard solution, Specpure(R), La 1000μg/g
Lanthanum, plasma standard solution, Specpure(R), La 10,000μg/ml
Lanthanum rod, 12.7mm dia., 99.9% trace metals basis excluding Ta
Lanthanum metal, 99,94% (La/TREM), packed under argon in 50g-ampoules | [EINECS(EC#)]
231-099-0 | [Molecular Formula]
La | [MDL Number]
MFCD00011066 | [Molecular Weight]
138.91 | [MOL File]
7439-91-0.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
solid | [Melting point ]
920 °C(lit.)
| [Boiling point ]
3464 °C(lit.)
| [density ]
6.19 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
| [solubility ]
soluble in dilute acid solutions | [form ]
slugs
| [color ]
Silver-white | [Specific Gravity]
6.19 | [Stability:]
Stable. | [Resistivity]
54 μΩ-cm | [Water Solubility ]
slowly decomposes in H2O; readily attacked by mineral acids [MER06] | [Sensitive ]
Air & Moisture Sensitive | [Merck ]
13,5379 | [Exposure limits]
ACGIH: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 4 ppm
OSHA: TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 ppm; TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3); STEL 4 ppm(10 mg/m3) | [History]
Mosander in 1839 extracted a new earth lanthana, from impure cerium nitrate, and recognized the new element. Lanthanum is found in rare-earth minerals such as cerite, monazite, allanite, and bastnasite. Monazite and bastnasite are principal ores in which lanthanum occursin percentages up to 25 and 38%, respectively. Misch metal, used in making lighter flints, contains about 25% lanthanum. Lanthanum was isolated in relatively pure form in 1923. Ion-exchange and solvent extraction techniques have led to much easier isolation of the so-called “rare-earth” elements. The availability of lanthanum and other rare earths has improved greatly in recent years. The metal can be produced by reducing the anhydrous fluoride with calcium. Lanthanum is silvery white, malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. It is one of the most reactive of the rare-earth metals. It oxidizes rapidly when exposed to air. Cold water attacks lanthanum slowly, and hot water attacks it much more rapidly. The metal reacts directly with elemental carbon, nitrogen, boron, selenium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and with halogens. At 310°C, lanthanum changes from a hexagonal to a face-centered cubic structure, and at 865°C it again transforms into a body-centered cubic structure. Natural lanthanum is a mixture of two isotopes, one of which is stable and one of which is radioactive with a very long halflife. Thirty other radioactive isotopes are recognized. Rareearth compounds containing lanthanum are extensively used in carbon lighting applications, especially by the motion picture industry for studio lighting and projection. This application consumes about 25% of the rare-earth compounds produced. La2O3 improves the alkali resistance of glass, and is used in making special optical glasses. Small amounts of lanthanum, as an additive, can be used to produce nodular cast iron. There is current interest in hydrogen sponge alloys containing lanthanum. These alloys take up to 400 times their own volume of hydrogen gas, and the process is reversible. Heat energy is released every time they do so; therefore these alloys have possibilities in energy conservation systems. Lanthanum and its compounds have a low to moderate acute toxicity rating; therefore, care should be taken in handling them. The metal costs about $2/g (99.9%). | [CAS DataBase Reference]
7439-91-0(CAS DataBase Reference) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
Lanthanum (7439-91-0) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
solid | [Physical properties]
Lanthanum is a soft silvery-white metal that, when cut with a knife, forms an oxide withthe air (tarnishes) on the exposed area. It is the most reactive of the elements in the series. Itreacts slightly with cold water but rapidly with hot water, producing hydrogen gas (H2) andlanthanum oxide (La2O3). It directly interacts with several other elements, including nitrogen,boron, the halogens, carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus.
Its melting point is 918°C, its boiling point is 3,464°C, and its density is 6.15 g/cm3. | [Isotopes]
There are 49 isotopes of lanthanum. One, La-139, is stable and makes up99.910% of the known amount found on Earth. Another isotope has such a long halflifethat is considered stable: with a half-life of 1.05×10+11 years, La-138 makes up just0.090% of the known abundance on Earth. All the other isotopes are radioactive andhave half-lives ranging from 150 nanoseconds to several thousand years. | [Origin of Name]
From the Greek word lanthanein, meaning “to be hidden.” | [Occurrence]
The main ore in which lanthanum is found is monazite sands, and it is also found in themineral bastnasite. Monazite sands contain all of the rare-earth elements as well as some elementsthat are not rare-earths. Its ores are found in South Africa, Australia, Brazil, and Indiaand in California, Florida, and the Carolinas in the United States.
The prices of lanthanide elements are somewhat reasonable and are less than gold per kilogram.(Gold is about $1,800 per kg.) Cesium (Ce), which is relatively common, is often alloyedwith La, Nd, and Pr and iron to form misch metal. This alloy has several uses based on its uniqueability to spark when scratched. The most common use is as flints for cigarette lighters.
Lanthanum is the fourth most abundant of the rare-earths found on the Earth. Its abundanceis 18 ppm of the Earth’s crust, making it the 29th most abundant element on Earth. Itsabundance is about equal to the abundance of zinc, lead, and nickel, so it is not really rare.Because the chemical and physical properties of the elements of the lanthanide series are sosimilar, they are quite difficult to separate. Therefore, some of them are often used together asan alloy or in compounds. | [Characteristics]
Lanthanide, as a pure metal, is difficult to separate from its ores, and it is often mixed withother elements of the series. It is mostly obtained through an ion-exchange process from the sandsof the mineral monazite, which can contain as much as 25% lanthanum as well as the oxides ofseveral other elements of the series. The metal is malleable and ductile and can be formed intomany shapes. Lanthanum is considered the most basic (alkaline) of the rare-earth elements. | [Definition]
A soft ductile
malleable silvery metallic element that is
the first member of the lanthanoid series. It
is found associated with other lanthanoids
in many minerals, including monazite and
bastnaesite. Lanthanum is used in several
alloys (especially for lighter flints), as a catalyst,
and in making optical glass.
Symbol: La; m.p. 921°C; b.p. 3457°C;
r.d. 6.145 (25°C); p.n. 57; r.a.m.
138.9055. | [Definition]
lanthanum: Symbol La. A silverymetallic element belonging to group3 (formerly IIIA) of the periodic tableand often considered to be one of thelanthanoids; a.n. 57; r.a.m. 138.91;r.d. 6.146 (20°C); m.p. 921°C; b.p.3457°C. Its principal ore is bastnasite,from which it is separated by an ionexchangeprocess. There are two naturalisotopes, lanthanum–139 (stable)and lanthanum–138 (half-life1010–1015 years). The metal, being pyrophoric,is used in alloys for lighterflints and the oxide is used in someoptical glasses. The largest use of lanthanum,however, is as a catalyst incracking crude oil. Its chemistry resemblesthat of the lanthanoids. Theelement was discovered by CarlMosander (1797–1858) in 1839. | [Purification Methods]
It is a shiny metal that slowly tarnishes in air due to oxidation. It slowly decomposes by H2O in the cold and more rapidly on heating to form the hydroxide. The metal is cleaned by scraping off the tarnished areas until the shiny metal is revealed and stored under oil or paraffin. It burns in air at 450o. It exists in three forms: -form, -form and -form with transition temperatures of 310o and 864o, respectively. [Spedding et al. Ind Eng Chem 44 553 1952.] | [Hazard]
In powder form, lanthanum will ignite spontaneously. If ingested, it can cause liver damageand prevent blood from clotting. Many of its compounds are toxic. | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Flammable | [Industrial uses]
A chemical element, lanthanum, symbol La, thesecond most abundant element in the rare earthgroup, is a metal. The naturally occurring elementis made up of the isotopes and is one ofthe radioactive products of the fission of uranium,thorium, or plutonium. Lanthanum is themost basic of the rare earths and can be separatedrapidly from other members of the rareearth series by fractional crystallization. Considerablequantities of it are separated commercially,because it is an important ingredient inglass manufacture. Lanthanum imparts a highrefractive index to the glass and is used in themanufacture of expensive lenses. The metal isreadily attacked in air and is rapidly convertedto a white powder.
Lanthanum becomes a superconductorbelow about –267°C in both the hexagonal andface-centered crystal forms. |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
F,T | [Risk Statements ]
R11:Highly Flammable.
R34:Causes burns.
R23/24/25:Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed . | [Safety Statements ]
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S27:Take off immediately all contaminated clothing .
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S33:Take precautionary measures against static discharges .
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition-No smoking .
S23:Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapor/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer) . | [RIDADR ]
UN 3264 8/PG 3
| [WGK Germany ]
3
| [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
4.1 | [PackingGroup ]
III | [HS Code ]
28053014 |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [History]
Lanthanum was isolated from cerium nitrate in 1839 by Mosander. The element in its oxide form was called “lanthana” meaning “hidden”. Although the electron configuration of the element shows a vacant 4f orbital and, therefore, does not belong to the “true rare-earth elements,” the metal exhibits striking similarities to other rare-earths. In nature, lanthanum never occurs in free state and is always found associated with other rare-earth metals. The principal minerals are monazite and bastnasite. Its concentration in the earth’s crust is estimated to be 30 mg/kg. Lanthanum as a pure metal has limited applications. However, in the form of alloys, the metal has several metallurgical applications. When alloyed with iron, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum, it improves resistance of these metals to oxidation. It also improves the impact strength, fluidity, ductility and other mechanical properties of the alloys. The pure metal is used only for research.
| [Production Methods]
Extraction of lanthanum from monazite is discussed below first, followed by that from bastnasite. The mineral mixtures are crushed and ground.After its separation the mineral is treated with hot concentrated sulfuric acid, which converts thorium, lanthanum, and rare-earth metals present into their sulfates. Alternatively, thorium may be precipitated as pyrophosphate by adding sodium pyrophosphate to the acid solution. The solution after removal of thorium is treated with ammonium oxalate. This converts all lanthanide elements in the ore into their insoluble oxalate salts. The oxide mixture is, therefore, treated with dilute nitric acid to dissolve lanthanum oxide and other rare-earth oxides to separate them from cerium. Lanthanum is separated from this cerium-free rareearth mixture as a double salt with ammonium nitrate by crystallization. The lanthanum-ammonium double salt is relatively less soluble than other rareearth double salts and stays in the most insoluble fraction.
|
| Questions and Answers (Q&A) | Back Directory | [Uses]
Lanthanum is the first element in the rare earth or Lanthanide series. It is the model for all the other trivalent rare earths. After Cerium, it is the second most abundant of the rare earths.
Lanthanum-rich Lanthanide compounds have been used extensively for cracking reactions in FCC catalysts, especially to manufacture high-octane gasoline from heavy crude oil.
Lanthanum-Rich Rare Earth metals play the important roles in hydrogen storage batteries.
It is utilized in green phosphors based on the phosphate (La0.4Ce0.45Tb0.15)PO4;in laser crystals based on the Yttrium-Lanthanum-Fluoride (YLF) composition.
Lanthanum Metal is the very important raw materials in producing Hydrogen Storage Alloys for NiMH batteries, and is also used to produce other pure Rare Earth metals and specialty alloys. Small amounts of Lanthanum added to Steel improves its malleability, resistance to impact, and ductility; Small amounts of Lanthanum are present in many pool products to remove the Phosphates that feed algae. Lanthanum Metal can be further processed to various shapes of ingots, pieces, wires, foils, slabs, rods, discs and powder.
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Alfa Aesar
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400-6106006 |
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http://chemicals.thermofisher.cn |
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