Describe

NAD+ plays an important role in metabolism as a cofactor and mobile electron acceptor. 

NAD+ is an oxidative co-substrate required by many enzymes. 

NAD+ is able to donate the ADP-ribose moiety to proteins, producing nicotinamide in the process. 

Sirtuin enzymes use NAD+ as a substrate to deacetylate proteins and direct activity between the nucleus and mitochondria. 

NAD+ is regenerated through fermentation and oxidative phosphorylation.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NAD+ is essential to the creation of energy in the body and the regulation of pivotal cellular processes. Here’s why it’s so important, how it was discovered, and how you can get more of it.

Uses

NAD+ is a coeznyme consisting of an adenine base and a nicotinamide base connected by a pair of bridging phosphate group. 

NAD+ acts as a c oenzyme in redox reactions, as a donor of ADP-ribose moieties in ADP-ribosylation reactions and also as a precursor of the second messenger molecule cyclic ADP-ribose. 

β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleot ide also acts as a substrate for bacterial DNA ligases and a group of enzymes called sirtuins that use NAD+ to remove acetyl groups from proteins.

NAD+ stands for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, an important coenzyme in the body involved in hundreds of cellular processes, but NAD+ levels decline with age. 

The body needs NAD+, and its supply is not unlimited. NAD+ plays a key role in helping brain cells age. 

In brain cells, NAD+ helps control the production of PGC-1-alpha, a protein that appears to help protect cells from oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial function. 

Because of its role in many different biological processes, scientists and doctors are now looking for different ways to use it to maintain healthy organs and nervous systems in human patients.

NAD+ is called a "helper molecule" because it binds to other enzymes in the body, activating them and producing molecular responses. 

For example, the "sirtuins" proteins responsible for many biological processes in the human body require coenzymes to function properly. 

In layman's terms, we need NAD+ to survive. However, as we age, our bodies produce less and less coenzyme. 

This is one of the reasons why we start to feel the effects of aging and become more prone to age-related diseases as the years pass