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ACS Applied Energy Materials

ACS Applied Energy Materials

IF: 5.4
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Adenosine-Metabolizing Enzymes, Adenosine Kinase and Adenosine Deaminase, in Cancer.

Published:8 March 2022 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030418 PMID: 35327609
Galina Zhulai, Eugenia Oleinik, Mikhail Shibaev, Kirill Ignatev

Abstract

The immunosuppressive effect of adenosine in the microenvironment of a tumor is well established. Presently, researchers are developing approaches in immune therapy that target inhibition of adenosine or its signaling such as CD39 or CD73 inhibiting antibodies or adenosine A2A receptor antagonists. However, numerous enzymatic pathways that control ATP-adenosine balance, as well as understudied intracellular adenosine regulation, can prevent successful immunotherapy. This review contains the latest data on two adenosine-lowering enzymes: adenosine kinase (ADK) and adenosine deaminase (ADA). ADK deletes adenosine by its phosphorylation into 5'-adenosine monophosphate. Recent studies have revealed an association between a long nuclear ADK isoform and an increase in global DNA methylation, which explains epigenetic receptor-independent role of adenosine. ADA regulates the level of adenosine by converting it to inosine. The changes in the activity of ADA are detected in patients with various cancer types. The article focuses on the biological significance of these enzymes and their roles in the development of cancer. Perspectives of future studies on these enzymes in therapy for cancer are discussed.

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Procduct Name CAS Molecular Formula Supplier Price
Adenosine 58-61-7 C10H13N5O4 1045 suppliers $9.00-$1620.00
Inosine 58-63-9 C10H12N4O5 743 suppliers $5.00-$1196.00
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate 61-19-8 C10H14N5O7P 601 suppliers $5.00-$1290.12

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