How is acetanilide produced? What are its uses?
Nov 2,2024
Acetanilide, also known as antipyretic ice, is a raw material and intermediate for sulfonamide drugs, rubber vulcanization accelerators, dyes, and synthetic camphor. It is used as a stabilizer for hydrogen peroxide in the cosmetics industry. It is colorless and shiny, with fish-scale crystals, a specific gravity of 1.21, a melting point of 112°C, and a boiling point of 305°C. It should be stored in a cool and ventilated warehouse, away from fire and heat sources, and prevent direct sunlight.
How is acetanilide produced?
Industrial preparation of acetanilide is generally directly synthesized from glacial acetic acid and aniline, with a unit consumption of about 0.5 glacial acetic acid and about 0.75 aniline. Since the amino group in the aniline molecule is alkaline and nucleophilic, it can be directly acylated with glacial acetic acid, but the reaction time is long.
The reaction equation is:
In addition, there is also a reflux preparation process using aniline, acetic acid, and acetic anhydride, but the reaction control is difficult, the residue produced is not easy to handle, and the investment is large.
What is acetanilide used for?
Acetanilide is an effective antipyretic and occupies an important position in OTC drugs. It was used in large quantities to produce paracetamol during World War II. Acetanilide is also used to make thioacetamide, which is used to produce catalysts, stabilizers, inhibitors, electroplating additives, photographic chemicals, pesticides, dyeing auxiliaries, mineral processing agents, etc. It is used industrially as a rubber vulcanization accelerator, a stabilizer for fiber resin coatings, a stabilizer for hydrogen peroxide, and in the synthesis of camphor. It is also used as a culture medium for the production of penicillin G. As an analgesic and antipyretic drug of the previous generation, it has been replaced by a new generation of acetyl drugs such as paracetamol and acetaminophen due to its lower toxicity.
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