General Description

1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane is a compound with unique properties that find versatile applications. It is chemically stable and evaporates easily during electrode fabrication, contributing to improved performance of battery electrodes. Its reactivity allows controlled reactions for the formation of protective layers. 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane's low viscosity enables easy handling and processing, ensuring uniform coating quality. It is compatible with various battery materials, facilitating integration into existing production processes. 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane enhances electrochemical properties, such as capacity retention and rate performance, especially at high temperatures. Safety precautions must be followed when working with 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane to prevent contact, inhalation, and fire hazards.

Figure 1. 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane

Properties

1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane is a compound known for its unique properties and versatile applications. 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane exhibits remarkable stability, remaining chemically intact even under challenging conditions. It demonstrates high volatility, enabling easy evaporation during the electrode fabrication process. This volatility contributes to the formation of uniform and protective layers on battery electrodes, thereby enhancing their overall performance. 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane also possesses desirable reactivity, allowing controlled reactions to occur that lead to the formation of these protective layers. Its low viscosity makes it highly manageable and facilitates seamless handling and processing during electrode formulation. This characteristic ensures improved coating quality and promotes uniformity across the electrode surface. Furthermore, 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane exhibits excellent compatibility with various battery materials. This compatibility enables its smooth integration into existing production processes without the need for extensive modifications. Through effective blending, 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane can be combined with other active materials, further enhancing battery performance. It is important to note that 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane’s effectiveness and usage may vary depending on the specific battery chemistry and design. However, its stable nature, high volatility, reactivity, low viscosity, and compatibility with different battery materials make 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane a valuable component in the development and optimization of batteries. ¹

Applications in battery production

The researchers propose that 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane has beneficial effects on enhancing the electrochemical properties of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li cells, especially at high temperatures. The addition of 1 vol % 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane to the cells resulted in a significantly improved capacity retention of 81.2% after cycling at 55 °C compared to only 32.3% for cells without the additive. The cells with 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane also demonstrated better rate performance, achieving a capacity of 100 mAh g–1 under 3C discharge. The positive impact of 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane can be attributed to several factors. Physical characterization and theoretical calculations revealed that 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane formed a thinner and more conductive layer on the surface of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, which facilitated improved electron transport during battery operation. Additionally, 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane effectively scavenged harmful HF/F– species from the electrolyte, contributing to the enhanced stability of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. Overall, these findings indicate that the application of 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane in battery manufacturing holds promise for improving the electrochemical performance and stability of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4-based cells, particularly under high-temperature conditions. ²

Safety

To ensure safety, it is important to follow specific precautions. Store 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane in a well-ventilated area, away from heat, direct sunlight, and ignition sources, using appropriate containers designed for chemical storage. Always ensure the containers are tightly sealed. When working with 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane, wear suitable personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing to prevent contact with the skin, eyes, or inhalation of vapors. Work in a well-ventilated area or utilize local exhaust ventilation systems to maintain low levels of vapor concentration. 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane is a flammable liquid with a low flash point, so keep it away from open flames, sparks, and potential ignition sources. In the event of a fire involving 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane, use appropriate extinguishing methods such as carbon dioxide (CO2), dry chemical powder, or foam. Water spray can be used to cool nearby containers, but avoid direct contact with the fire. Avoid mixing 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, or alkalis, as this can result in hazardous reactions. In case of accidental contact, flush the affected area immediately with plenty of water. If swallowed or if significant exposure occurs, seek medical attention and provide relevant information to healthcare professionals. ³

Reference

1. Radjef R, Jarvis KL, Hall C, Ang A, Fox BL, McArthur SL. Characterising a Custom-Built Radio Frequency PECVD Reactor to Vary the Mechanical Properties of TMDSO Films. Molecules, 2021, 26(18):5621.

2. Huang T, Pan Y, Yan C, Wu M. Electrochemical Property Enhancement of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes at High Temperatures Using 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2021, 13(41):48881-48888.

3. Thermo Fisher SCIENTIFIC. SAFETY DATA SHEET: 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane. 2021.