Benzalkonium chloride (BKC), also known as DDBAC, is a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) that is widely recognized for its antimicrobial properties. Here's a summary of the key points you've mentioned about this compound:

1. Class of Compound: It belongs to the class of cationic surfactants, which are positively charged molecules that can interact with negatively charged surfaces or particles.

2. Nonoxidizing Biocidal Activity: BKC is a nonoxidizing biocide, meaning it kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms without the release of oxygen.

3. Applications: It is used as a disinfectant in various sectors:

• Hospital: For cleaning and disinfecting surfaces to prevent the spread of infections.

• Livestock: In the animal industry for sanitation and to reduce the risk of disease.

• Personal Hygiene: In personal care products for its antimicrobial effects.

4. Efficacy: BKC is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including:

   It operates at low parts per million (ppm) concentrations, which means it requires only a small amount to be effective.

• Bacteria

• Algae

• Fungi

• Enveloped Viruses

5. Properties: It has additional beneficial properties:

• Dispersing: It helps to spread substances evenly throughout a solution.

• Penetrating: It can penetrate biological membranes, aiding in the disinfection process.

6. Safety and Solubility:

• Low Toxicity: It is considered to have low toxicity to humans and animals.

• No Toxicity Accumulation: There is no known build-up of toxicity with continued use.

• Water Solubility: It is soluble in water, which makes it easy to mix and apply.

• Unaffected by Water Hardness: Its effectiveness is not diminished by the presence of minerals in hard water.