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Rodriguez, Diego F. ; Duran-Osorio, Francisca ; Duarte, Yorley , et al. Pharmaceutics,2022,14(1),33. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010033 PubMed ID: 35056929
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Abstract: Green chemistry implementation has led to promising results in waste reduction in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the early sustainable development of pharmaceutically active compounds and ingredients remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we wish to report a green synthesis of new pharmaceutically active peptide triazoles as potent factor Xa inhibitors, an important drug target associated with the treatment of diverse cardiovascular diseases. The new inhibitors were synthesized in three steps, featuring cycloaddition reactions (high atom economy), microwave-assisted organic synthesis (energy efficiency), and copper nanoparticle catalysis, thus featuring Earth-abundant metals. The molecules obtained showed FXa inhibition, with IC50-values as low as 17.2 μM and no associated cytotoxicity in HEK293 and HeLa cells. These results showcase the environmental potential and chemical implications of the applied methodologies for the development of new molecules with pharmacological potential.
Keywords: DOACs ; FXa inhibitors ; Ullmann-Goldberg reaction ; click chemistry ; drug discovery ; green chemistry ; microwave synthesis
Purchased from AmBeed: 20196-21-8 ; 109-11-5 ; 675-20-7 ; 766-97-2
CAS No. : | 766-97-2 | MDL No. : | MFCD00008571 |
Formula : | C9H8 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | C6H4(CH3)CCH | InChI Key : | KSZVOXHGCKKOLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 116.16 | Pubchem ID : | 13018 |
Synonyms : |
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Signal Word: | Danger | Class: | 3 |
Precautionary Statements: | P241-P242-P261-P264-P270-P271-P280-P302+P352-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P312-P330-P362+P364-P370+P378-P374-P380-P501 | UN#: | 3295 |
Hazard Statements: | H225-H302+H312+H332-H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | Ⅲ |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
50% | With indium(III) chloride; In toluene;Inert atmosphere; Reflux; | General procedure: Acetal (1.2 mmol), alkyne (1.2 mmol), dibenzylamine (0.192 mL,1.0 mmol), and InCl3 (10 molpercent) were added to a flask (25 mL), followedby the addition of toluene (2.0 mL) under argon. The mixture was stirredunder reflux and monitored by TLC. The solution was then cooled to r.t.,diluted with dichloromethane (5.0 mL), washed with brine. The aqueouslayer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 × 10 mL), the combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated under vacuum. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleumether) to afford the desired product. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With palladium diacetate; caesium carbonate; bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 100℃; for 2h;Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: In a 15 mL sealed tube equipped with a magnetic stirring bar were added 1 (1 mmol),2 (0.8 mmol), tert-butyl isocyanide (1.2 mmol, 136 muL), Pd(OAc)2 (0.03 mmol, 7 mg),DPEPhos (0.06 mmol, 32 mg), Cs2CO3 (0.8 mmol, 261 mg), and anhydrous DMF (2.0mL). The tube was purged with argon, and the contents were stirred at 100 °C for 2 h.Then Na2S*9H2O (1.2 mmol, 240 mg) was added for 2 h. After reaction completion,the mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, and DMF was removed by a vacuum.The combined filtrates were refluxed in THF (15 mL) and oxalic acid (1 M, 3 mL) for 8h. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure, then poured into brine (20mL) and extracted by ethyl acetate (3 × 30 mL). The combined organic layers weredried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. The residue was purified on a silica gel column usingpetroleum ether/ethyl acetate as the eluent to give the pure target product. |