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Faisal Aziz ; Kanamata Reddy ; Virneliz Fernandez Vega , et al. JMC,2024,67(3):1949-1960. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01763
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Abstract: The suppressor of T cell receptor signaling (Sts) proteins are negative regulators of immune signaling. Genetic inactivation of these proteins leads to significant resistance to infection. From a 590,000 compound high-throughput screen, we identified the 2-(1H)-quinolinone derivative, rebamipide, as a putative inhibitor of Sts phosphatase activity. Rebamipide, and a small library of derivatives, are competitive, selective inhibitors of Sts-1 with IC50 values from low to submicromolar. SAR analysis indicates that the quinolinone, the acid, and the amide moieties are all essential for activity. A crystal structure confirmed the SAR and reveals key interactions between this class of compound and the protein. Although rebamipide has poor cell permeability, we demonstrated that a liposomal preparation can inactivate the phosphatase activity of Sts-1 in cells. These studies demonstrate that Sts-1 enzyme activity can be pharmacologically inactivated and provide foundational tools and insights for the development of immune-enhancing therapies that target the Sts proteins.
Purchased from AmBeed: 2251-65-2 ; 90098-04-7 ; 4876-14-6 ; 90098-08-1 ; 874-60-2 ; 4876-10-2 ; 7158-32-9 ; 5271-67-0 ; 118-45-6 ; 73-22-3 ; 56-41-7 ; 34893-92-0 ; 403-43-0 ; 58757-38-3 ; 76903-88-3 ; 52-90-4 ; 6068-72-0 ; 2243-83-6 ; 38818-50-7 ; 16331-45-6 ; 36823-88-8 ; 90098-06-9 ; 90098-05-8 ; 3024-72-4 ; 618-46-2 ; 63024-43-1 ; 4122-68-3 ; 22980-09-2 ; 681806-75-7 ; 39544-74-6 ...More
CAS No. : | 618-46-2 | MDL No. : | MFCD00000671 |
Formula : | C7H4Cl2O | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | WHIHIKVIWVIIER-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 175.01 | Pubchem ID : | 69252 |
Synonyms : |
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Signal Word: | Danger | Class: | 8 |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P280-P305+P351+P338-P310 | UN#: | 3265 |
Hazard Statements: | H314-H335 | Packing Group: | Ⅱ |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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With sodium hydroxide; In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether; water; ethyl acetate; | Preparation of 3-[(3-Chlorophenyl)carbonylamino]-5-(methoxycarbonyl)benzoic Acid (Compound 70) To 0.576 g (2.49 mmol) of compound 68 was added 10 mL of THF, 10 mL of water, and 2.6 mL of a 1N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. To this reaction solution was added, alternately in small portions, a solution of 341 muL (2.74 mmol) of 3-chlorobenzoyl chloride (compound 69) in 5 mL of THF and 2.6 mL of a 1N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. During the additions, the pH of the reaction solution was checked by pH paper and the reaction was kept at a pH greater than 8. After complete addition, TLC indicated some compound 68 remained. The above procedure was repeated using 150 muL (1.21 mmol) of 3-chlorobenzoyl chloride (69) in 5 mL THF and enough 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide to maintain a reaction solution pH above 8. After TLC analysis indicated complete consumption of compound 68, the reaction was extracted with ethyl acetate and 0.5 N aqueous sodium bicarbonate. Then, the aqueous layer was acidified with 6 N HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and volatiles removed in vacuo. The resulting residue was treated with ethyl acetate/diethyl ether 50/50 to form a white solid that was collected by vacuum filtration. This provided 0.604 g of the desired product. The product was identified by 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy and purity was assessed by RP-HPLC. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
39% | A mixture of 1.00 g (5.21 mmol) of 2,5-dichloronitrobenzene and 1.01 g (7.81 mmol) of 4-piperdineethanol in N,N-dimethylformamide (3 mL) is heated at 130 °C and stirred overnight. The mxiture is cooled to room temperature, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase is washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a red oil. The residue is dissolved in ethanol (15 mL) and 0.20 g (0.19 mmol) of 10percent palladium on carbon is added followed by a drop of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 2 hours then filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and the filter pad is washed with methanol. The mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a black oil. The residue is disolved in acetonitrile (50 mL) and treated with 1.03 g (5.89 mmol) of 3-chlorobenzoyl chloride. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 hours then concentrated under reduced pressure. To the residue is slowly added a 2M solution of sodium bicarbonate. The mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic phase is washed with brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give 0.800 g (39.0percent overall) of 3-chloro-N-{5-chloro-2-[4-(2- hydroxy-ethyl)-piperidin-l-yl] -phenyl }-benzamide as a brown foam. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
42% | With aluminum (III) chloride; In 1,2-dichloro-ethane; for 12h;Reflux; | In a 500 mL flask, the above Ethyl-6-fluoro-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (10 g, 48.26 mmol)And dichloroethane (150 mL) were added and dissolved.Then, 3-chlorobenzoyl chloride (10.1 g, 57.91 mmol),Aluminum chloride (7.72 g, 57.91 mmol) was added and refluxed for 12 hours. After completion of the reaction, the temperature was lowered to room temperature, and the organic layer was separated using dichloromethane and water, and then the water contained in the organic layer was removed with magnesium sulfate. After filtration, the mixture was purified by column chromatography (EA / n-Hex = 1: 6) to obtain ethyl 3- (3-chlorobenzoyl) -6-Fluoro-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (7g, 20.24 mmol, 42%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
32% | General procedure: A mixture of dry dichloromethane (DCM, 2 mL) and dry pyridine (475 mg, 6 mmol, 3 molarequiv) was put into 25 mL round-bottom flask, closed with a stopper and cooled in a freezer forapproximately 15 min. A selected benzoyl chloride (2.4 mmol, 1.2 equiv) was diluted with dry DCM(5 mL) and added dropwise to the cooled (ice bath) pyridine/DCM mixture under stirring, and the mixture was stirred for additional 5 min in the closed flask. 2-Aminopyrazine (190 mg, 2 mmol,1 equiv) or 6-chloropyrazin-2-amine (259 mg, 2 mmol, 1 equiv) was dissolved in DCM (2 mL) andadded dropwise to the cooled reaction mixture over 10 min upon stirring. After additional 15 min,the reaction was removed from the ice bath and stirred at laboratory temperature. The progress ofreaction was monitored by TLC (silica plates, 33percent EtOAc in hexane). After 2 h, no significant furtherincrease in the spot of the product was observed, so the reaction was ended and worked-up.The reaction mixture was adsorbed on silica (4 g) by evaporating the solvents underreduced pressure. The mixture on silica was used for solid loading the flash chromatographypre-column. The separation used the following conditions: manually filled silica column (30 g),continuous gradient elution 0?50percent EtOAc in hexane, flow rate 35 mL/min, detection wavelength280 nm, monitoring wavelength 260 nm. Fractions containing pure product were combined andsolvents were evaporated under reduced pressure to yield solid product. If needed, the productswere recrystallized from hot EtOH, the crystallization was induced by cooling and addition of water.The products were isolated as white solids. In several cases, the final products were still contaminatedwith non-specified impurity of brown color. This impurity was easily removed by dispersing theproduct in small amount of hexane and immersion of a vertical piece of filtration paper into thisdispersion. The impurity was soluble in hexane and rose by capillary action to the filtration paper. |