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Hanna G?owienke ; Anna Pancielejko ; Magdalena Miodyńska , et al. J. Photoch. Photobio. A,2024,115731. DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.115731
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Abstract: Perovskites are attractive structures for photocatalytic hydrogen generation, but also are limited by low stability, which can be improved by combination with other materials. Perovskite structures have potential for photocatalytic hydrogen generation; however, their practical application is hindered by inherent low stability. This limitation can be effectively mitigated through strategic combinations with complementary materials. Therefore, hybrids consisting of the perovskite CsPbX3 (X = Br, I) and the metal–organic framework (Ce)UiO-66-Y (Y = H, Br, NH2) were successfully synthesized for the first time, using a straightforward ligand-assisted reprecipitation synthesis at room temperature. To develop a room temperature synthesis for CsPbX3@(Ce)UiO-66-Y hybrid nanomaterials, herein, we optimized the synthesis of perovskite firstly (considering factors such as the choice of solvents, the drying of stabilizers, and the purification) and then developed an efficient way to combine both materials. Six types of hybrid materials, differing in the type of perovskite and functional group in the MOFs linker, were synthesized by the introduction of MOFs powder into a solution containing perovskite precursors (CsX and PbX2 in DMF stabilized by oleyamine and oleic acid) followed by antisolvent addition. We demonstrated that the hybrids containing perovskite in combination with MOF (Ce)UiO-66-NH2 in a molar ratio of 13:1 exhibited significantly higher activity and twice as long reaction stability time compared to the individual components of the hybrids when tested separately. This outcome underscores the presence of a synergistic effect, highlighting the potential of these hybrid materials in catalyzing hydrogen generation.
Keywords: Perovskite ; MOFs ; Hybrids ; LARP ; H2 generation ; Photocatalysis
Purchased from AmBeed: 586-35-6
CAS No. : | 586-35-6 | MDL No. : | MFCD00002403 |
Formula : | C8H5BrO4 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | C6H3(CO2H)2Br | InChI Key : | QPBGNSFASPVGTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 245.03 | Pubchem ID : | 68513 |
Synonyms : |
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Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P280-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H317-H319 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
98% | With sulfuric acid; for 5h;Reflux; | 2-Bromo terephthalic acid (204 mmol,Methanol (MeOH) 0.4M and20 mmol of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was added to a round flask, and the mixture was refluxed for 5 hours. Next, the reaction solution was filtered and washed to obtain a reaction product in a yield of 98% |
93% | With thionyl chloride; at 0 - 20℃; | Example 13Dimethyl 2-bromoterephthalate; Intermediate-4 To a round bottom flask was added 2-bromoterephthalic acid (10.0 g, 40.8 mmol) in methanol (120 mL). The suspension was cooled to 0 C. and thionyl chloride (11.9 mL, 163 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt and was stirred overnight. The mixture was concentrated, sat. NaHCO3 was added and extracted with DCM (3×). The combined organic phases were then washed with water, and brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford dimethyl 2-bromoterephthalate (10.4 g, 93%). LC-MS: (FA) ES+274; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.31 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (dd, J=8.1, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 3.95 (s, 3H). |
93% | With thionyl chloride; at 0 - 20℃; for 16h; | To a stirred solution of 2-bromoterephthalic acid (15.0 g, 61.2 mmol) in methanol (150.0 mL) was added dropwise thionyl chloride (4.91 mL, 67.3 mmol) at 0C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred further for 16 h. The rection was monitored by TLC, the reaction mixture was concentrated. Added saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate to the residue and extracted using dichloromethane (3 x 150.0 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with water (200.0 mL), brine (100.0 mL) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate. Concentrate this reaction mixture to afford 26.7 g crude, which was purified by column chromatography using eluent 0-30% of ethyl acetate in n-hexane to afford the titled compound dimethyl 2-bromoterephthalate (15.5 g, 93 % yield) as off white solid. MS (ES+) m/z = 274.04 (M+1). 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.33 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 3.97 (s, 3H). |
92% | With sulfuric acid; at 60℃; for 6h;Inert atmosphere; Large scale; | In nitrogen atmosphere, 2-bromoterephthalic acid (30.0 kg, 122.4mol) was suspened in methanol (95 kg), cooled to about 5 C, and 98 weight % sulfuric acid (33.0 kg) was added and the mixture was stirred at 60 C for 6 hours. TLC is confirmed for the end of reaction, the reaction mixture is then cooled to the room temperature, methyl tert-butyl ether (220.0 kg) was added and the organic layer was washed with water (180.0 kg), and NaHCO3 aqueous solution (8 weight %, 180.0 kg) and salt water (24 weight %, 180.0 kg) , dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate (6.0 kg) , concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound as pale yellow crystals (30.40 kg, yield 92.0%). |
92.2% | With sulfuric acid; In water; at 65℃; | As shown in Scheme 1, MOF-ligand (see the Fig.S5 for the 1H and 13CNMR spectra of the MOF-ligand) and UiO-66-C≡CH could be synthesized by following a similar published procedure [28].Compound 1 to a solution of 2-bromoterephthalic acid (7.5 g,40 mmol) in 250 mL methanol, conc. H2SO4 (15 mL) was added slowly.Then being stirred at 65C overnight. After methanol was removed by evaporation, 300 mL ethyl acetate (EA) was added. The mixture was washed with K2CO3 solution (1 M) and dried with Na2SO4. Finally, the crude product 1 was purified by flask silica gel column chromatography(white solid 7.7 g, yield 92.2 %). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.30 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.12 - 7.93 (m, 1 H), 7.81 (t, J =6.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.00 3.93(m, 6 H). 13C NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 167.96, 164.36, 137.47, 134.56,132.18, 129.76, 126.96, 122.04, 47.07. |
83% | With thionyl chloride; at 0 - 20℃;Inert atmosphere; | To a solution of 2-bromoterephthalic acid (2.0 g, 8.2 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) at 0 00 underN2was added thionyl chloride (5.8 g, 49 mmol) dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred atroom temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated and the residue partitioned between DCM (20 mL) and saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (15 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic fractions were washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (3 x 10 mL), brine (3 x 10 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated to give the title compound (1.85 g, 83%) as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz,ODd3) 6 8.30 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.99 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H),3.95 (s, 3H), 3.94 (s, 3H); LCMS RT 2.63 mm; m/z 273,275 [M+H]+ |
44% | With thionyl chloride; for 4h;Reflux; | 2-Bromoterephthalic acid (2.0 g, 8.2 mmol) was dissolved in 50.0 mL of methanol and 7.0 mL SOCl2. The mixture was heated to reflux for 4.0 h. After cooling to room temperature, MeOH was removed by evaporation and then 60 mL (20.0 mL * 3) of CH2Cl2 was added. The solution was washed water. Then the organic solution was dried with MgSO4. After solution was removed by evaporation, raw solid was obtained. Vacuum thermal sublimation and deposition was performed for a further purity (1.0 g, 0.44%). |
To a mixture of 2-bromoterephthalic acid (2.0 g, 8.2 mmol) and DMF (0.3 mL) in DCM (20 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (15.6 g, 123 mmol) and the mixture stirred at room (0570) temperature overnight. The reaction was then concentrated and the residue diluted with MeOH (50 mL) at 0 C and stirred for 10 min. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the title product as a yellow oil that was used for the next step directly. LCMS: RT 2.61 min; m/z 273.0, 275.0 [M+H] +. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With thionyl chloride; triethylamine; In methanol; diethyl ether; | Step A: Preparation of Dimethyl-2-bromoterephthalate 2-Bromoterephthalic acid (14.2 g) was treated with thionyl chloride (35 ml) and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled and the excess SOCl2 was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with methanol (174 ml) at -10 C. over a one-half hour period followed by triethylamine (17.4 ml). After 15 minutes at room temperature, the methanol was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was then taken up in ethyl ether, washed with water, dried and evaporated which gave a white solid (14.65 g). 1 H-NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz): δ3.87 (s, CH3); 7.8-8.32 (m, ArH). IR (CH2 Cl2, cm-1): 1720. STR423 |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With potassium carbonate; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 20℃; | Scheme 19DIBAL-HDCM Step 1[00262] To the solution of 2-bromoterephthalic acid (CIV) (5.0 g, 20.40 mmol) in DMF was added K2C03 (7.9 g, 57.13 mmol) and CH3I (3.56 mL, 57.13 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM, washed with 1 N aqueous HCI, 1 M aqueous K2C03, 10% aqueous Na2S203, brine, dried over anhydrous MgS04, and concentrated under vacuum to give dimethyl 2-bromoterephthalate (CV) (4.82 g, 17.65 mmol, 99% purity, 80% yield). ESIMS found for Ci0H9BrO4 mlz 275.2 (M+2H). |