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Leclercq, Gabrielle ; Haegel, Hélène ; Toso, Alberto , et al. J. ImmunoTher. Cancer,2022,10,e003766. DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003766 PubMed ID: 35064010
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Abstract: Background: T cell engaging therapies, like chimeric antigen receptor T cells and T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs), efficiently redirect T cells towards tumor cells, facilitating the formation of a cytotoxic synapse and resulting in subsequent tumor cell killing, a process that is accompanied by the release of cytokines. Despite their promising efficacy in the clinic, treatment with TCBs is associated with a risk of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). The aim of this study was to identify small molecules able to mitigate cytokine release while retaining T cell-mediated tumor killing. Methods: By screening a library of 52 Food and Drug Administration approved kinase inhibitors for their impact on T cell proliferation and cytokine release after CD3 stimulation, we identified mTOR, JAK and Src kinases inhibitors as potential candidates to modulate TCB-mediated cytokine release at pharmacologically active doses. Using an in vitro model of target cell killing by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we assessed the effects of mTOR, JAK and Src kinase inhibitors combined with 2+1 T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) including CEA-TCB and CD19-TCB on T cell activation, proliferation and target cell killing measured by flow cytometry and cytokine release measured by Luminex. The combination of mTOR, JAK and Src kinase inhibitors together with CD19-TCB was evaluated in vivo in non-tumor bearing stem cell humanized NSG mice in terms of B cell depletion and in a lymphoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model in humanized NSG mice in terms of antitumor efficacy. Results: The effect of Src inhibitors differed from those of mTOR and JAK inhibitors with the suppression of CD19-TCB-induced tumor cell lysis in vitro, whereas mTOR and JAK inhibitors primarily affected TCB-mediated cytokine release. Importantly, we confirmed in vivo that Src, JAK and mTOR inhibitors strongly reduced CD19-TCB-induced cytokine release. In humanized NSG mice, continuous treatment with a Src inhibitor prevented CD19-TCB-mediated B cell depletion in contrast to mTOR and JAK inhibitors, which retained CD19-TCB efficacy. Ultimately, transient treatment with Src, mTOR and JAK inhibitors minimally interfered with antitumor efficacy in a lymphoma PDX model. Conclusions: Taken together, these data support further evaluation of the use of Src, JAK and mTOR inhibitors as prophylactic treatment to prevent occurrence of CRS.
Purchased from AmBeed: 159351-69-6 ; 941678-49-5 ; 302962-49-8 ; 162635-04-3 ; 53123-88-9
CAS No. : | 53123-88-9 | MDL No. : | MFCD00867594 |
Formula : | C51H79NO13 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N |
M.W : | 914.17 | Pubchem ID : | 5284616 |
Synonyms : |
Sirolimus;AY-22989;D00753;C07909;SILA 9268A;SLM;RPM;RAP;RAPA;Wy 090217;NSC 226080;NSC-2260804;Rapamune
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Chemical Name : | (3S,6R,7E,9R,10R,12R,14S,15E,17E,19E,21S,23S,26R,27R,34aS)-9,10,12,13,14,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,32,33,34,34a-Hexadecahydro-9,27-dihydroxy-3-[(1R)-2-[(1S,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]-1-methylethyl]-10,21-dimethoxy-6,8,12,14,20,26-hexamethyl-23,27-epoxy-3H-pyrido[2,1-c][1,4]oxaazacyclohentriacontine-1,5,11,28,29(4H,6H,31H)-pentone |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
6.9 g | With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid In toluene at 70℃; for 8 h; Autoclave | 9.14 g rapamycin (0.01mol), 11g ethylene oxide (0.25 mol), 0.1 g trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, 30mL toluene was added to the autoclave after mixing, Warmed to 70 ° C, Maintaining 1.0 MPa pressure, the reaction was stopped after 8 hours, cooled to room temperature,The solvent was recovered under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (200-300 mesh silica gel,Eluent: ethyl acetate: petroleum ether = 20: 1),7.7 g 97.95percent of everolimus was obtained, which was purified by HP-20 resin column chromatography (eluent: acetonitrile: water = 65:35) 6.9 g of everolimus was obtained as a white solid, HPLC purity:99.6percent, Isomer content:0.12percent. Molar yield:72.0percent |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
5.7 kg | Stage #1: With trifluoroacetic anhydride In tetrahydrofuran at 10℃; for 1.5 h; Inert atmosphere; Large scale Stage #2: With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate In tetrahydrofuran at 10℃; for 2 h; Large scale |
620g of ethylene glycol and 6L of tetrahydrofuran were added to the reaction flask,Mix well to mix.The reaction temperature was controlled at 10 .Under nitrogen protection,1.41L trifluoroacetic anhydride was slowly added dropwise,Dropping is completed,Reaction for 1.5 hours,The reaction solution.9.14 kg of rapamycin was dissolved in 54 L of tetrahydrofuran,Added to the reaction solution,The reaction temperature was controlled at 10 .Slowly add 13ml boron trifluoride diethyl ether solution. Bi completed,The reaction was stirred for 2 hours. After the reaction is completed,60L saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution was added,Stir wellThen suction filtered,To the filtrate was added 30 L of ethyl acetate,Liquid separation,The organic phase is washed with pure water until nearly neutral.The organic phase was dried over 500 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate for 2 hours, filtered,Concentrated under reduced pressure to a solventless outflow,A thick liquid. Column chromatography,The eluent is petroleum ether:Ethyl acetate = 1: 6. The collected effluent was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 6.3 kg of yellow foamy solid,Yield 66percent.A mixture of 26.8 L of methanol and ethyl acetate (v / v = 1/3) was added to the above yellow foamy solid,Stirring to dissolve,The temperature was controlled at 25 for 30 minutes,13.4 L cyclohexane was added dropwise,Bi completed,The temperature was controlled at 12 for 2 hours,Cool the feed liquid to about 0 slowly stirring 3h,Suction filtration,Drying at room temperature under vacuum gave 5.7 kg of a white solid,HPLC and mass spectrometry determined that the white solid was everolimus,Purity 98.1percent. |