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Berg, Kaja ; Hegde, Pooja ; Pujari, Venugopal , et al. Eur. J. Med. Chem.,2023,249,115125. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115125 PubMed ID: 36682292
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Abstract: The electron transport chain (ETC) in the cell membrane consists of a series of redox complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to acceptors and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+) across a membrane. This process generates proton motive force which is used to produce ATP and a myriad of other functions and is essential for the long-term survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative organism of tuberculosis (TB), under the hypoxic conditions present within infected granulomas. Menaquinone (MK), an important carrier molecule within the mycobacterial ETC, is synthesized de novo by a cluster of enzymes known as the classic/canonical MK biosynthetic pathway. MenA (1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate prenyltransferase), the antepenultimate enzyme in this pathway, is a verified target for TB therapy. In this study, we explored structure-activity relationships of a previously discovered MenA inhibitor scaffold, seeking to improve potency and drug disposition properties. Focusing our campaign upon three molecular regions, we identified two novel inhibitors with potent activity against MenA and Mtb (IC50 = 13-22 μM, GIC50 = 8-10 μM). These analogs also displayed substantially improved pharmacokinetic parameters and potent synergy with other ETC-targeting agents, achieving nearly complete sterilization of Mtb in combination therapy within two weeks in vivo. These new inhibitors of MK biosynthesis present a promising new strategy to curb the continued spread of TB.
Keywords: 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate prenyltransferase ; MenA ; MenA inhibitors ; Menaquinone ; Mtb ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Piperidine derivatives ; SAR
Purchased from AmBeed: 25952-53-8 ; 90719-32-7 ; 872-85-5 ; 6457-49-4 ; 3769-41-3 ; 10338-57-5 ; 135-19-3 ; 135-19-3 ; 28177-48-2 ; 22246-18-0 ; 122334-37-6 ; 91914-06-6 ; 10040-98-9 ; 161975-39-9 ; 150-76-5 ; 371-41-5 ; 63754-96-1 ; 288-32-4 ; 3380-34-5 ; 1677-46-9 ; 166815-96-9 ; 700-57-2 ; 1204-86-0 ; 21725-69-9 ; 367-12-4 ; 1003-29-8 ; 627-35-0 ; 27292-49-5 ; 104324-16-5 ; 123855-51-6 ; 4328-13-6 ; 875401-70-0 ; 405272-71-1 ; 63614-86-8 ; 1420942-13-7 ; 25952-53-8 ; 1420895-21-1 ; 1078-18-8 ; 32363-45-4 ; 69564-68-7 ; 31519-22-9 ; 22246-18-0 ; 189618-33-5 ; 180847-24-9 ; 6264-98-8 ; 946680-75-7 ; 63608-38-8 ; 713-68-8 ; 62810-39-3 ; 189618-32-4 ; 180847-23-8 ; 63608-31-1 ; 15789-05-6 ; 63712-27-6 ; 63608-33-3 ; 63608-35-5 ...More
CAS No. : | 367-12-4 | MDL No. : | MFCD00002155 |
Formula : | C6H5FO | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | HFHFGHLXUCOHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 112.10 | Pubchem ID : | 9707 |
Synonyms : |
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Signal Word: | Danger | Class: | 3 |
Precautionary Statements: | P501-P261-P270-P240-P210-P233-P243-P241-P242-P271-P264-P280-P370+P378-P337+P313-P305+P351+P338-P362+P364-P303+P361+P353-P332+P313-P301+P312+P330-P304+P340+P312-P403+P235 | UN#: | 1993 |
Hazard Statements: | H302+H312+H332-H315-H319-H225 | Packing Group: | Ⅲ |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
45% | O-fluorophenol (20 g, 0.2 mol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (500 mL, dried over molecular sieves) and protected by argon. Anhydrous magnesium chloride (68 g, 0.72 mol) was added with stirring. Triethylamine (150 mL, 1.08 mol) was added and the mixture was exothermic. After stirring for 20 min, paraformaldehyde (42 g) was added and reacted at 50 ° C for 6 h. TLC showed that some of the starting material remained and the reaction time was not changed significantly. The temperature was lowered to room temperature, and a mixture of sodium hydroxide and water (22.8 g of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 80 mL of 7 jO) was added under ice-water bath. Hydrogen peroxide (30 wtpercent, 140 mL) was then slowly added dropwise with significant exotherm to keep the temperature below The reaction mixture was stirred at 30 ° C for 1.5 h, concentrated hydrochloric acid (12 mol / L) was added to adjust the pH value to 1, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (4 × 100 mL). The combined organic phases were added with saturated aqueous sodium thiosulfate (200 mL) The mixture was stirred for 1 h. The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (1 × 100 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (PE / EtOAc 15: 1 by volume as Eluent) to give 10.3 g of the pale yellow oily liquid (intermediate C-1a) in 45percent yield and recovery of o-fluorophenol 4.3goC-1a: 6H (300MHzeta; CDC13) 6.63-6.45 (3H, m) (D, J = 15.5Etazeta), 120.3 (d, J = 15.5Etazeta) J = 8.9Hz), 111.6 (d, J = 2.6Hz), 108.1 (d, J = 18.4Hz) | |
7.21 g | Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 600 mL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was added 16.2 mL of o-fluorophenol, 35 g of MgCl2,50 mL of triethylamine and 16.2 g of paraformaldehyde were added and heated under reflux for 4 h.Cooled to room temperature, dropping 500mL0.05mol / L NaOH solution, all the components dissolved after the drop of 72mL 30percent hydrogen peroxide, the reaction 2h; then add 72mL 30percent H2O2, stirring reaction 6h.Then add 1.0mol / L hydrochloric acid, adjust the pH 4-5, extracted with methylene chloride,The extract was washed three times with 80percent aqueous Na2S2O3 and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate overnight.The organic solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was separated by silica gel column chromatography,Eluting with methylene chloride and collecting the desired fractions and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to give 7.21 g of a crystalline solid as white | |
7.5 g | Under the protection of nitrogen,Add 16 mL of o-fluorophenol to 600 mL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran.35g MgCl2,50mL of triethylamine and 16g of paraformaldehyde,The reaction was heated to reflux for 4 h.Cool to room temperature,Add 500mL of 0.05mol/L NaOH solution dropwise.After all the components were dissolved, 72 mL of 30percent hydrogen peroxide was added dropwise.Reaction 2h;Add 70mL of 30percent H2O2,The reaction was stirred for 6 h.Then add 1.0 mol/L hydrochloric acid dropwise.Adjust the pH to 4-5,Extracted with dichloromethane,The extract was washed 3 times with an 80percent Na2S2O3 aqueous solution.It was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate overnight.Evaporating the organic solvent under reduced pressure,The residue was separated by silica gel column chromatography.Elution with dichloromethane,Collect the required components,Evaporation to dryness under reduced pressure gave 7.5 g of white crystals.Intermediate 2. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
33% | With di-isopropyl azodicarboxylate; triphenylphosphine; In tetrahydrofuran; at 0 - 20℃; for 12h; | Methyl 4-(l-(2-fluorophenoxy)ethyl) benzoate. To a solution of methyl 4-(l- hydroxyethyl)benzoate (0.9 g, 5 mmol), 2-fluorophenol (627 mg, 5.6 mmol), triphenylphosphine (2.2 g, 8.4 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) was added diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (1.7 g, 8.4 mmol) at 0C. The mixture was stirred at 20C for 12 hours. Water (15 mL) was added to the mixture and then extracted with ethyl acetate (35 mL x 3). The combined organic phase was dried by sodium sulfate, and then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography (silica gel, petroleum ether/ethyl acetate = 5: 1) to give methyl 4-(l-(2- fluorophenoxy)ethyl) benzoate (450 mg, 33%). |
33% | With di-isopropyl azodicarboxylate; triphenylphosphine; In tetrahydrofuran; at 0 - 20℃; for 12h; | To a solution of methyl 4-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzoate (0.9 g, 5 mmol), 2-fluorophenol (627 mg, 5.6 mmol), triphenylphosphine (2.2 g, 8.4 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) was added diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (1.7 g, 8.4 mmol) at 0 C. The mixture was stirred at 20 C. for 12 hours. Water (15 mL) was added to the mixture and then extracted with ethyl acetate (35 mL×3). The combined organic phase was dried by sodium sulfate, and then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography (silica gel, petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=5:1) to give methyl 4-(1-(2-fluorophenoxy)ethyl)benzoate (450 mg, 33%). |