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David A Vargas ; Xinkun Ren ; Arkajyoti Sengupta , et al. Nat. Chem.,2024,16,817-826. DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01435-3 PubMed ID: 38351380
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Abstract: Catalysis with engineered enzymes has provided more efficient routes for the production of active pharmaceutical agents. However, the potential of biocatalysis to assist in early-stage drug discovery campaigns remains largely untapped. In this study, we have developed a biocatalytic strategy for the construction of sp3-rich polycyclic compounds via the intramolecular cyclopropanation of benzothiophenes and related heterocycles. Two carbene transferases with complementary regioisomer selectivity were evolved to catalyse the stereoselective cyclization of benzothiophene substrates bearing diazo ester groups at the C2 or C3 position of the heterocycle. The detailed mechanisms of these reactions were elucidated by a combination of crystallographic and computational analyses. Leveraging these insights, the substrate scope of one of the biocatalysts could be expanded to include previously unreactive substrates, highlighting the value of integrating evolutionary and rational strategies to develop enzymes for new-to-nature transformations. The molecular scaffolds accessed here feature a combination of three-dimensional and stereochemical complexity with 'rule-of-three' properties, which should make them highly valuable for fragment-based drug discovery campaigns.
Purchased from AmBeed: 271-63-6 ; 271-44-3 ; 59104-44-8
CAS No. : | 271-44-3 | MDL No. : | MFCD00005691 |
Formula : | C7H6N2 | Boiling Point : | No data available |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | - |
M.W : | 118.14 | Pubchem ID : | - |
Synonyms : |
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Chemical Name : | 1H-Indazole |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P280-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319-H332-H335 | Packing Group: | |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
13.8% | With sodium; In water; toluene; at 100℃; for 11h; | 3-Hydroxymethyl indole (1.47g, 0.01mol) was added to a suspension of indazole (1.18g, 0.01mol) in anhydrous toluene (130ml). The mixture was heated at the solvent's boiling temperature. To the mixture (0.05g, 0.0022mol) Na was added. (If the reaction mixture was cloudy after heating, the azeotrope toluene-water was distilled before adding Na.) The heating at boiling temperature was continued for 11h. The secreted water was removed. After this time, 3ml of ethanol was added and the mixture was heated for the next 1h. Then the mixture was kept at 4C for 24h. The obtained yellow solid was filtered and crystallized from ethanol/water (7:10 v/v) yielding 0.34g (13.8%) of beige crystals. M.p. 176.1-176.8C. - IR (nujol): nu=3160 (N-H), 3100-3000, 3000-2800, 1630, 1560, 1480, 1420, 1330 (C-N) cm-1. 1H NMR (299.87MHz, DMSO-d6): delta=5.768 (s, 2H 10-H), 6.924 (t, J=7.5Hz, 1H, 6-H), 7.036 (t, J=7.5Hz, 1H, 7-H), 7.085 (t, J=7.5Hz, 1H, 6?-H), 7.323 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H, 8?-H), 7.336 (t, J=7.7Hz, 1H, 7?-H), 7.523 (d, J=1.8Hz, 1H, 2-H), 7.558 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H, 5-H) 7.738 (d, J=8.3Hz,1H, 5?-H), 7.783 (d, J=8.3Hz, 1H, 8?-H), 8.046 (s, 1H, 3?-H), 11.026 (bs, 1H, N-H). 13C NMR (75.40MHz, DMSO-d6): delta=44.47 (10-C), 110.00 (8?-C), 110.53 (3-C), 111.44 (8-C), 118.71 (6-C), 118.78 (5-C), 120.17 (6?-C), 120.74 (5?-C), 121.21 (7-C), 123.75 (4?-C), 124.80 (2-C), 125.67 (7?-C), 126.36 (4-C), 132.05 (3?C), 136.25 (9-C),138.70 (9-C) ppm. C16H13N3 (247.29): calcd. C 77.71, H 5.30, N 16.99: found C 77.70, H 5.28, N 16.88. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
A solution of 1H-indazole (590.5 mg, 5.0 mmol) in dry DMF (15 mL) cooled to 0 C is treated with NaH (200 mg, 5.0 mmol, 60percent in mineral oil). After stirring at 25 C for 2 h the mixture is cooled to 0 C and <strong>[3177-24-0]2,4-dichloro-5-cyanopyrimidine</strong> (870 mg, 5.0 mmol) is added. After stirring for 4 h the mixture is quenched with water (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 25 mL), washed with water (2 x 25 mL) and saturated brine (25 mL), and dried over MgSO4. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure, and the residue is purified by column chromatography (Pet/EtOAc 20/1) to afford the 1-(2-chloro-5- cyanopyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazole as a white solid. |