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Coumarin derivatives as inhibitors of d-amino acid oxidase and monoamine oxidase
Elizabeth Bester ; An′el Petzer ; Jacobus P. Petzer Bioorg. Chem.,2022,123,105791. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105791 PubMed ID: 35413582
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Abstract: d-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) oxidises d-amino acids to ultimately produce the corresponding α-keto acids. The DAAO substrate, d-serine, is a co-agonist at NMDA receptors, while NMDA receptor hypo-function has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Through the modulation of d-serine levels, the inhibition of DAAO represents a strategy to increase NMDA receptor function, and thus a potential treatment for schizophrenia. Literature reports that 3-hydroxycoumarin is a potent inhibitor of DAAO and represents an ideal lead for the development of novel DAAO inhibitors. Based on this, the present study investigated DAAO inhibition by a series of synthetic and commercially available coumarin derivatives. Due to structural similarity to coumarin, a synthetic series of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one derivatives has also been included in this study. The results show that among 37 compound evaluated, four inhibit porcine kidney DAAO with IC50 < 10 μM. The most potent inhibitors are 3,7-dihydroxycoumarin and 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin with an IC50 values of 0.167 and 0.224 μM, respectively. These values are an improvement on that of the reference DAAO inhibitor, 3-methylpyrazole-5-carboxylic acid (IC50 = 1.88 μM). Coumarin compounds are also known to inhibit the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes, which are well established targets for the treatment of depression and Parkinson’s disease. As DAAO and MAO are flavoenzymes, off-target inhibition may occur. The series were thus evaluated as potential MAO inhibitors, and a number of high potency inhibitors were identified. Seven compounds inhibit the recombinant human MAOs with IC50 < 0.1 μM, with the most potent MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors exhibiting IC50 values of 0.033 and 0.012 μM, respectively. This is significantly more potent than the reference inhibitors, curcumin, isatin and toloxatone. This study concludes that active DAAO and MAO inhibitors may serve as novel leads for the design of compounds that may find future application in the treatment of neuropsychiatric (e.g. schizophrenia, depression) and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Parkinson’s disease).
Keywords: Coumarin ; D-amino acid oxidase ; Monoamine oxidase ; Schizophrenia ; Depression ; Parkinson’s disease
Purchased from AmBeed: 22246-12-4
CAS No. : | 22246-12-4 | MDL No. : | MFCD04114865 |
Formula : | C10H11NO2 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | WLQWIZAWNPYMBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 177.20 | Pubchem ID : | 10607392 |
Synonyms : |
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Chemical Name : | 6-Methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P280-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319-H332-H335 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
43.5% | With copper(l) iodide; potassium carbonate; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 150℃; for 24h;Inert atmosphere; | Intermediate A6 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-6-methoxy-3.4-dihvdroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one vial, 6-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one (0.25 g, 1.411 mmol) was dissolved in N-dimethylformamide (2.82 ml). To this was added l-bromo-4-isobutylbenzene (0.451 g, 2.116 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.390 g, 2.82 mmol). The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, charged with copper(I) iodide (0.161 g, 0.847 mmol) and heated to 150 C for 24 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, quenched with water and extracted three times with dichloromethane. The organic layers were combined, passed through a phase separator and concentrated. The crude material was purified via silica gel chromatography using 0-75% ethyl acetate in heptanes to afford the desired product (190 mg, 0.614 mmol, 43.5 % yield) as a light orange solid. NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) delta 8.12 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.32 - 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.24 - 7.15 (m, 2H), 6.89 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.77 - 6.65 (m, 1H), 3.96 (dd, J = 7.0, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.09 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.50 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.90 (dh, J = 13.5, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 0.94 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H). LC MS (m/z, MH+): 310.4. |
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