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REVIEW Brucine is a bitter alkaloid, and an isomer of strychnine, though not poisonous.. It occurs in several plant species, the most well known being the Strychnos nux-vomica tree, found in South-East Asia. For medicinal purposes, brucine is primarily used in the regulation of high blood pressure and other comparatively benign cardiac ailments. Brucine also shows the pain modulation and anti-inflammation effects which are mediated by central and peripheral mechanisms. Brucine also has a long history of being used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma) in China. Brucine downregulated expression levels of HIF-1 responsive genes in vivo which appear to be implicated in the anti-metastasis activity of brucine. In colon cancer, brucine could inhibit angiogenesis viathe KDR signaling pathway and be a useful therapeutic candidate for colon cancer intervention. In LoVo cells, , brucine caused G1-cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, possibly by inhibition of VEGFR2. Brucine has also been shown to induce apoptosis in U266 cells via the JNK signaling pathway and phosphorylation of c-Jun. Brucine can also cause apoptosis in A549 cells by inhibiting the activity of NF-kappaB and the subsequent COX-2 gene expression. In the cancer arena brucine appears to have a wide range of mechanistic activity. Brucine, which is basic, is frequently used as agents for chiral resolution of racemic acidic compounds, giving rise to the separation of racemic mixtures.
Yin W, Wang TS, Yin FZ, Cai BC. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of brucine and brucine N-oxide extracted from seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Oct;88(2-3):205-14.
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Yin W, Wang TS, Yin FZ, Cai BC. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of brucine and brucine N-oxide extracted from seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Oct;88(2-3):205-14.
[4]
Shu G, Mi X, Cai J, Zhang X, Yin W, Yang X, Li Y, Chen L, Deng X. Brucine, an alkaloid from seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica Linn., represses hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and metastasis: the role of hypoxia inducible factor 1 pathway Toxicol Lett. 2013 Oct 24;222(2):91-101.
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