Vitamin B5, also called pantothenic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin with the chemical formula C9H17NO5. It is named "pantothenic acid" because it is widely present in plants and animals.

nature

The chemical formula of vitamin B5 is C9H17NO5, which is optically active, and only the D type ([α]=+37.5°) has biological activity. Racemic vitamin B5 has hygroscopicity and electrostatic adsorption; pure free vitamin B5 is a light yellow viscous oily substance, acidic, easily soluble in water and ethanol, insoluble in benzene and chloroform. Vitamin B5 is unstable under acid, alkali, light and heat conditions. 

Vitamin B5 exists in almost all living cells and can be synthesized by enzymatic reactions in the cells of prokaryotes, fungi, molds and plants. Organisms can also transport vitamin B5 into cells through Na+-dependent multivitamin transporters (SMVT, also known as pantothenate permease). 

Features

Vitamin B5 is transformed into coenzyme A (CoA) or acyl carrier protein (ACP) in the body to participate in fatty acid metabolism. CoA is a cofactor for more than 70 enzymes in organisms (approximately 4% of total enzymes), and bacteria also need CoA to build cell walls. In metabolism, CoA mainly functions as an acyl carrier and participates in the metabolism of sugar, fat, protein and energy. It can also affect the positioning, stability and activity of the protein by modifying the protein. CoA provides 90% of the energy for living organisms. 

Vitamin B5 is an essential substance for fatty acid synthesis of steroids; it can also participate in the synthesis of steroid viologen, melatonin and heme; it is also an intermediate necessary for metabolism in the body such as citric acid cycle, choline acetylation, and antibody synthesis. Therefore, vitamin B5 can act on normal epithelial organs such as nerves, adrenal glands, digestive tract and skin in the body to improve the resistance of animals to pathogens. Vitamin B5 can also increase the biosynthesis of glutathione to slow down cell apoptosis and damage. Experiments have proved that vitamin B5 has a good protective effect on cells and rats suffering from lipid peroxidation damage. Pantetheine can reduce the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides. Vitamin B5 and its derivatives can also reduce the side effects caused by antibiotics and other drugs, and participate in the absorption and utilization of a variety of nutrients. 

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