アミルアミン 化學(xué)特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～わずかにうすい黃色, 澄明の液體
溶解性
水に易溶, アルコール, エーテルに可溶。
化學(xué)的特性
n-Amylamine is a strong base in aqueous solutions and organic solvents that
readily forms salts with acids.
使用
Amylamine is a general reagent used in functionalizing the target molecules with pentyl chain. It has also been used as a cosurfactant to increase the phase stability of the bilayer systems.
調(diào)製方法
n-Amylamine is primarily produced by the amination of alkyl halides rather than
using alcohol. This reaction is carried out at a temperature of 300-500°C and a
pressure of 790-3550 kPa. Alternatively, n-amylamine can be produced from the
reaction of amyl chlorides with ammonia. This procedure also produces small
amounts of amylenes and amyl alcohol which can be removed by steam distillation
(Schweizer et al 1978).
一般的な説明
A clear colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Flash point 30°F. Irritates the eyes and respiratory system. Vapors are heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used as a corrosion inhibitor, solvent, flotation agent and in the manufacture of other chemicals.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Less dense than water and soluble in water.
反応プロフィール
AMYLAMINES are amines. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Can react with oxidizing materials. [NTP 1992].
危険性
Flammable, dangerous fire risk. Strong irritant.
健康ハザード
Direct skin contact with amylamine leads to first- and second-degree burns.
Inhalation results in irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose and respiratory
tract. It has been reported that in humans a concentration of 0.3 mg/1 of the
inhaled n-amylamine had no irritating effect (Loit and Filou 1964).
火災(zāi)危険
Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
工業(yè)用途
In 1976, 800 tons of n-amylamine was produced for a variety of commercial
purposes. It is used in textiles, lubrication and in the manufacture of dyestuffs,
emulsifying agents, anti-oxidants and desizing agents for the textile and pharmaceutical
industry. It is also valuable as a corrosion inhibitor and as a base for
emulsifiers which are soluble in vegetable and mineral oils.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by intraperitoneal route. A corrosive. A flammable liquid. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic vapors of NOx.
純化方法
Dry it by prolonged shaking with NaOH pellets, then distilling. Store it in a CO2-free atmosphere. [Beilstein 4 IV 674.]
アミルアミン 上流と下流の製品情報(bào)
原材料
準(zhǔn)備製品