| Identification | Back Directory | [Name]
Carbomer 940 | [CAS]
9003-01-4 | [Synonyms]
mw
xpa
940
PAA
ws24
p11h
r968
0mw)
aron
XPAC
pa11m
old01
ws801
paa-25
racryl
tb1131
tecpol
arolon
g-cure
texcryl
arona10h
9003-1-4
Anti-XP1
Anti-XPAC
antiprexa
acrysola1
acrysola3
acrysola5
junlon110
carpolene
dispexc40
viscon103
polytex973
versicole7
versicole9
sokalanpas
nalfloc636
acrysolac5
arasorb750
antiprex461
carbopol960
carbopol961
carboset515
haloflex202
haloflex208
solidokolln
versicole15
versicols25
VINYL RESIN
Carbopol®
CARBOMER 941
CARBOMER 934
CARBOMER 910
CARBOPOL 934
CARBOPOL 941
viscalexhv30
revacryla191
jurimerac10h
jurimerac10p
good-ritek37
acrysolws-24
arasorbs100f
Acrylicresin
acrysolase-75
good-ritek702
good-ritek727
neocryla-1038
CARBOMER 1342
CARBOMER 934P
ACRYLICS RESIN
good-ritews801
good-ritek-700
colloids119/50
synthemul90-588
CARBOPOL(R) 941
CARBOPOL(R) 934
CARBOPOL(R) 940
CARBOPOL(TM) 940
CARBOPOL(TM) 934
CARBOPOL(TM) 910
Acrylate polymer
CARBOPOL(TM) 941
acrylicacidresin
carbopol940)0mw)
Carbomer,Carbopol
POLY(ACRYLIC ACID)
approx. M.W. 5,000
approx. M.W. 2,000
carboxyvinylpolymer
carbosetresinno.515
carboxypolymethylene
acrylicacid,polymers
ACRYLIC ACID POLYMER
polymer,carboxyvinyl
approx. M.W. 240,000
Polyacrylate emulsion
Polyacrylic acid（PAA）
Propenoic acid polymer
Acrylic resin,modified
approx. M.W. 2,000 5GR
approx. M.W. 5,000 5GR
EMULSION ACRYLIC RESIN
acrylic resin emulsion
polyacrylateelastomers
POLYACRYLIC ACID 5,000
acrylicacidhomopolymer
POLYACRYLIC ACID 25,000
acrylate resin emulsion
Assistant tanning agent
POLYACRYLICNANOPARTICLES
Polyacrylicacidextrapure
POLYACRYLIC ACID 150,000
POLYACRYLIC ACID 250,000
atacticpoly(acrylicacid)
approx. M.W. 2,000 250GR
Polyacrylic Acid (Sodium)
Poly(acrylic acid) USP,NF
POLYACRYLIC ACID 1,000,000
poly(acrylic acid) solution
2-Propenoic acid homopolymer
POLY(ACRYLIC ACID): (25% AQ.)
POLYACRYLICACIDANDITSSODIUMSALT
Polyacrylic Acid (MW 1 Million)
Polyacrylic Acid (MW 4 Million)
FIRST GRADE ACRYLIC TOW RAW WHITE
Acrylic resin emulsion neutral No.1
POLY(ACRYLIC ACID), SECONDARY STANDARD
Poly(acrylic acid) average Mv ~450,000
POLY(ACRYLIC ACID) (SOLID) (MED. M.WT.)
POLY(ACRYLIC ACID) (SOLID) (HIGH M.WT.)
Poly(acrylic acid) average Mv ~1,250,000
Poly(acrylic acid) average Mv ~3,000,000
Poly(acrylic acid) average Mv ~4,000,000
POLY(ACRYLIC ACID), 35 WT. % SOLUTION IN
POLY(ACRYLIC ACID), AVERAGE MW CA. 1,800
POLY(ACRYLIC ACID) AVERAGE MV CA. 750 &
carboxypolymethylene carboxyvinyl polymer
Poly(acrylic acid),52-56% aqueous solution
Poly(acrylic acid), average m.w. 1,080,000
Poly(acrylic acid) [ 50% solution in water]
StratoSpheres? PL-REM (Acrylate) resin
DNA repair protein complementing XP-A cells
Poly(acrylic acid), 63 wt% solution in water
POLY(ACRYLIC ACID), AVERAGE MV CA. 1,250 ,000
POLY(ACRYLIC ACID), AVERAGE MV CA. 3,000 ,000
POLY(ACRYLIC ACID), AVERAGE MV CA. 4,000 ,000
POLY(ACRYLIC ACID), POWDER, AVERAGE M.W. 450,000
Acrylic acid polymers: (Acrylic polymer or resin)
Anti-Xeroderma pigmentosum, complementary group A
Xeroderma pigmentosum group A-complementing protein
Polyacrylsure, auch schwach vernetzt und Natriumsalze
Poly(acrylic acid), 63 WT% solution in water, approx. MW. 2000
Poly(acrylic acid), 50 WT% solution in water: approx. MW. 5,000
Poly(acrylic acid), average M.W. 5,000, 50 wt.% solution in H2O
Poly(acrylic acid)25 wt% solution in water: approx. M.W. 240,000
Poly(acrylic acid) solution average Mw ~100,000, 35 wt. % in H2O
Poly(acrylic acid) solution average Mw ~250,000, 35 wt. % in H2O
Poly(acrylic acid), average M.W. 240,000, 25 wt.% solution in H2O
Poly(acrylic acid), sec. stand., aver. MW 1,080,000, aver. MN 135,000
POLY(ACRYLIC ACID), 35 WT. % SOLUTION IN WATER, AVERAGE MW CA. 250,000
POLY(ACRYLIC ACID), AVERAGE MW CA. 2,000, 50 WT.% SOLN IN WATER,ELECTRONIC GRADE
Poly(acrylic acid) solution average Mw ~2,000, 50 wt. % in H2O, electronic grade | [EINECS(EC#)]
202-415-4 | [Molecular Formula]
C3H4O2 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00084394 | [MOL File]
9003-01-4.mol | [Molecular Weight]
102.132 |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
white powder | [Melting point ]
95 °C | [Boiling point ]
116 °C
| [density ]
1.2 g/mL at 25 °C
| [Tg]
106 | [vapor pressure ]
2.64-3.57hPa at 20-25℃ | [refractive index ]
n20/D 1.442
| [Fp ]
100 °C | [storage temp. ]
2-8°C | [solubility ]
Swellable in water and glycerin and, after neutralization,
in ethanol (95%). Carbomers do not dissolve but merely
swell to a remarkable extent, since they are three-dimensionally
crosslinked microgels. | [form ]
Powder | [color ]
White | [PH]
2.5 -3.0 (1% water solution) | [Water Solubility ]
Soluble in water. | [Dielectric constant]
2.7 - 4.5（0.0℃） | [InChIKey]
WLAMNBDJUVNPJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N | [LogP]
0.23-0.27 at 20℃ and pH3.59-3.63 | [Uses]
carboxypolymethylene is a binder, film-former and emulsion stabilizer. It can also help increase product viscosity. | [IARC]
3 (Vol. 19, Sup 7) 1987 | [EPA Substance Registry System]
2-Propenoic acid, homopolymer(9003-01-4) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
white powder | [Description]
Acrylic resins are a group of related thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic substances derived from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or other related compounds.[1] Polymethyl acrylate is an acrylic resin used in an emulsed form for lacquer, textile finishes, adhesives and, mixed with clay, to gloss paper. Another acrylic resin is polymethyl methacrylate which is used to make hard plastics with various light transmitting properties. | [Description]
For a description of unrelated compounds expanded by twocarbon units,Poly acrylic acid (PAA or Carbomer) is generic name for synthetic high molecular weight polymers of acrylic acid. They may be homopolymers of acrylic acid, crosslinked with an allyl ether pentaerythritol, allyl ether of sucrose or allyl ether of propylene. In a water solution at neutral pH, PAA is an anionic polymer, i.e. many of the side chains of PAA will lose their protons and acquire a negative charge. This makes PAAs polyelectrolytes, with the ability to absorb and retain water and swell to many times their original volume. Dry PAAs are found in the market as white and fluffy powders. Carbomer codes (910, 934, 940, 941 and 934P) are an indication of molecular weight and the specific components of the polymer. For many applications PAAs are used in form of alkali metal or amonium salts e.g. sodium polyacrylate. | [Application]
Poly acrylic acid and its derivatives are used in disposable diapers,ion exchange resins and adhesives. They are also popular as a thickening, dispersing, suspending and emulsifying agents in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and paints. PAA inactivates the antiseptic chlorhexidine gluconate. | [Definition]
ChEBI: An acrylic macromolecule, composed of acrylic acid repeating units. | [Production Methods]
Carbomers are synthetic, high-molecular-weight, crosslinked polymers
of acrylic acid. These acrylic acid polymers are crosslinked
with allyl sucrose or allyl pentaerythritol. The polymerization
solvent used previously was benzene; however, some of the newer
commercially available grades of carbomer are manufactured using
either ethyl acetate or a cyclohexane–ethyl acetate cosolvent
mixture. The Carbopol ETD and Carbopol Ultrez polymers are
produced in the cosolvent mixture with a proprietary polymerization
aid. | [Brand name]
Carbopol
934 (Noveon). | [General Description]
Poly(acrylic acid) solution (PAA) is an anionic polymer that can be synthesized by the free radical polymerization of acrylic acid. It has a swelling nature that tends to absorb and retain the water. Its high ion exchange capacity makes it useful in the formation of membranes. | [Pharmaceutical Applications]
Carbomers are used in liquid or semisolid pharmaceutical
formulations as rheology modifiers. Formulations include creams,
gels, lotions and ointments for use in ophthalmic, rectal,
topical and vaginal preparations. Carbomer grades with
residual benzene content greater than 2 ppm do not meet the
specifications of the PhEur 6.4 monograph. However, carbomer
having low residuals of other solvents than the ICH-defined ‘Class I
OVI solvents’ may be used in Europe. Carbomer having low
residuals of ethyl acetate, such as Carbopol 971P NF or Carbopol
974P NF, may be used in oral preparations, in suspensions, capsules
or tablets. In tablet formulations, carbomers are used as
controlled release agents and/or as binders. In contrast to linear
polymers, higher viscosity does not result in slower drug release
with carbomers. Lightly crosslinked carbomers (lower viscosity) are
generally more efficient in controlling drug release than highly
crosslinked carbomers (higher viscosity). In wet granulation
processes, water, solvents or their mixtures can be used as the
granulating fluid. The tackiness of the wet mass may be reduced by
including talc in the formulation or by adding certain cationic
species to the granulating fluid. However, the presence of
cationic salts may accelerate drug release rates and reduce
bioadhesive properties. Carbomer polymers have also been
investigated in the preparation of sustained-release matrix
beads, as enzyme inhibitors of intestinal proteases in
peptide-containing dosage forms, as a bioadhesive for a
cervical patch and for intranasally administered microspheres, in magnetic granules for site-specific drug delivery to
the esophagus, and in oral mucoadhesive controlled drug
delivery systems. Carbomers copolymers are also employed
as emulsifying agents in the preparation of oil-in-water emulsions
for external administration. Carbomer 951 has been investigated as
a viscosity-increasing aid in the preparation of multiple emulsion
microspheres. Carbomers are also used in cosmetics. Therapeutically,
carbomer formulations have proved efficacious in improving
symptoms of moderate-to-severe dry eye syndrome. | [Safety]
Carbomers are used extensively in nonparenteral products,
particularly topical liquid and semisolid preparations. Grades
polymerized in ethyl acetate may also be used in oral formulations. There is no evidence of systemic absorption of
carbomer polymers following oral administration. Acute oral
toxicity studies in animals indicate that carbomer 934P has a low
oral toxicity, with doses up to 8 g/kg being administered to dogs
without fatalities occurring. Carbomers are generally regarded as
essentially nontoxic and nonirritant materials; there is no
evidence in humans of hypersensitivity reactions to carbomers
used topically.
LD50 (guinea pig, oral): 2.5 g/kg for carbomer 934
LD50 (guinea pig, oral): 2.5 g/kg for carbomer 934P
LD50 (guinea pig, oral): 2.5 g/kg for carbomer 940
LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.04 g/kg for carbomer 934P
LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.04 g/kg for carbomer 940
LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.07 g/kg for carbomer 934P
LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.07 g/kg for carbomer 940
LD50 (mouse, oral): 4.6 g/kg for carbomer 934P
LD50 (mouse, oral): 4.6 g/kg for carbomer 934
LD50 (mouse, oral): 4.6 g/kg for carbomer 940
LD50 (rat, oral): 10.25 g/kg for carbomer 910
LD50 (rat, oral): 2.5 g/kg for carbomer 934P
LD50 (rat, oral): 4.1 g/kg for carbomer 934
LD50 (rat, oral): 2.5 g/kg for carbomer 940
LD50 (rat, oral): > 1g/kg for carbomer 941
No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) (rat, dog, oral): 1.5 g/kg
for carbomer homopolymer type B. | [Solubility in organics]
Dicoane, ethanol, methanol, water | [Solubility in organics]
Dioxane, ethanol, methanol, water | [storage]
Carbomers are stable, hygroscopic materials that may be heated at
temperatures below 1048℃ for up to 2 hours without affecting their
thickening efficiency. However, exposure to excessive temperatures
can result in discoloration and reduced stability. Complete
decomposition occurs with heating for 30 minutes at 2608℃. Dry
powder forms of carbomer do not support the growth of molds and
fungi. In contrast, microorganisms grow well in unpreserved
aqueous dispersions, and therefore an antimicrobial preservative
such as 0.1% w/v chlorocresol, 0.18% w/v methylparaben–0.02%
w/v propylparaben, or 0.1% w/v thimerosal should be added. The
addition of certain antimicrobials, such as benzalkonium chloride
or sodium benzoate, in high concentrations (0.1% w/v) can cause
cloudiness and a reduction in viscosity of carbomer dispersions.
Aqueous gels may be sterilized by autoclaving with minimal
changes in viscosity or pH, provided care is taken to exclude oxygen
from the system, or by gamma irradiation, although this technique
may increase the viscosity of the formulation. At room
temperature, carbomer dispersions maintain their viscosity during
storage for prolonged periods. Similarly, dispersion viscosity is
maintained, or only slightly reduced, at elevated storage temperatures
if an antioxidant is included in the formulation or if the
dispersion is stored protected from light. Exposure to light causes
oxidation that is reflected in a decrease in dispersion viscosity.
Stability to light may be improved by the addition of 0.05–0.1%
w/v of a water-soluble UV absorber such as benzophenone-2 or
benzophenone-4 in combination with 0.05–0.1% w/v edetic acid.
Carbomer powder should be stored in an airtight, corrosionresistant
container and protected from moisture. The use of glass,
plastic, or resin-lined containers is recommended for the storage of
formulations containing carbomer. | [Advantages]
The advantages of acrylic resins are :
Better stain protection (wash ability)
Water resistance
Better adhesion
Better blocking ('strap down')
Resist cracking and blistering better
Resistance to alkali cleaners. | [Current market and forecast]
The global demand on acrylic resin approached roughly US $ 14.5 billion in 2011. With an annual growth rate of 4 - 5 % , the acrylic resin market is expected to reach US $ 16.6 billion by 2014 and US$22 billion by 2020. Acrylic resins are used in a wide range of applications for the outstanding chemical characteristics and unique aesthetic properties. Currently, the strongest demand comes from automotive and medical device markets, and paints & coatings, adhesive & sealant and construction & architecture are the major application markets for acrylic resin. | [Formulae]
Acrylic resin is a general term for any one of the plastics (resin) generated through chemical reaction by applying polymerization initiator and heat to a monomer.
The chemical name for the resin produced from the methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA) is polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). MMA is a transparent and colorless fluid substance.One of the main characteristic features of PMMA is its high transparency. With its high weather resistance, it has been known to last over 30 years, it does not easily turn yellow or crumble when exposed to sunlight. Polymethyl methacrylate is used not only for transparent windows in aquariums but also for various items such as signboards in places like convenience stores, taillights of automobiles, bathtub liners, sinks, cell phone display screens, backlight optical waveguides for liquid crystal displays (LCD) and so on. | [Incompatibilities]
Carbomers are discolored by resorcinol and are incompatible with
phenol, cationic polymers, strong acids, and high levels of
electrolytes. Certain antimicrobial adjuvants should also be avoided
or used at low levels. Trace levels of iron and other
transition metals can catalytically degrade carbomer dispersions.
Certain amino-functional actives form complexes with carbomer;
often this can be prevented by adjusting the pH of the
dispersion and/or the solubility parameter by using appropriate
alcohols and polyols.
Carbomers also form pH-dependent complexes with certain
polymeric excipients. Adjustment of pH and/or solubility parameter
can also work in this situation. | [Regulatory Status]
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral suspensions,
tablets; ophthalmic, rectal, topical, transdermal preparations;
vaginal suppositories). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed
in Europe. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal
Ingredients. |
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